Chiyambi chachidule cha zomera zamagetsi zosakanikirana ndi madzi

Ma turbine a Francis ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pa mafakitale opangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi, ndipo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga mphamvu zoyera komanso zongowonjezwdwa. Ma turbine awa adatchulidwa dzina la amene adawapanga, James B. Francis, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo osiyanasiyana opangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi padziko lonse lapansi. M'nkhaniyi, tifufuza zinthu zofunika kwambiri komanso kufunika kwa mafakitale opangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito ma turbine a Francis pakupanga mphamvu zokhazikika.
Kapangidwe ka Francis Turbines
Ma turbine a Francis ndi mtundu wa turbine yamadzi yopangidwa kuti igwire ntchito bwino pansi pa mikhalidwe yapakati mpaka yapamwamba ya hydraulic head, nthawi zambiri imakhala pakati pa mamita 20 mpaka 700. Kapangidwe kake kamakhala ndi zigawo zonse ziwiri za radial ndi axial flow, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosinthika pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya madzi.
Kapangidwe koyambira ka turbine ya Francis kali ndi zinthu zingapo zofunika:
Wothamanga: Uwu ndi mtima wa turbine, komwe madzi amalowa ndikugwirana ntchito ndi masamba kuti apange mphamvu yamakina. Wothamangayo ali ndi masamba opindika angapo opangidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino mphamvu ya kayendedwe ka madzi.
Chophimba Chozungulira: Chophimba chozunguliracho chimatsogolera madzi kupita ku chothamanga popanda kutaya mphamvu zambiri. Chimathandiza kuti madzi aziyenda bwino komanso kuti azipanikizika pamene madzi akulowa mu turbine.
Chubu Chowongolera: Madzi akadutsa mu chubu chowongolera, amatuluka mu chubu chowongolera, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa liwiro ndi kupanikizika kwa kutuluka, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yotulutsa.
Ntchito ya Francis Turbines
Kugwira ntchito kwa ma turbine a Francis kumadalira pa mfundo yosinthira mphamvu yomwe ingakhalepo ya madzi ogwa kukhala mphamvu yamakina, yomwe kenako imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Nayi chidule chosavuta cha momwe amagwirira ntchito:
Kumwa Madzi: Madzi othamanga kwambiri amalowetsedwa mu chivundikiro chozungulira, komwe amalowa mu chivundikirocho.
Kusintha kwa Mphamvu: Madzi akamayenda kudzera mu wothamanga, amagunda masamba opindika, zomwe zimapangitsa wothamangayo kuzungulira. Kuyenda kozungulira kumeneku kumasintha mphamvu ya kayendedwe ka madzi kukhala mphamvu yamakina.
Mphamvu ya Makanika kupita ku Mphamvu ya Magesi: Choyendetsa chozungulira chimalumikizidwa ndi jenereta, yomwe imasintha mphamvu ya makanika kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera mu mfundo za kulowetsedwa kwa maginito.
Kupanga Mphamvu: Mphamvu zamagetsi zomwe zimapangidwa zimayikidwa mu gridi yamagetsi kuti zigawidwe m'nyumba ndi m'mafakitale.
Ubwino wa Francis Turbine Power Plants
Malo opangira magetsi a turbine a Francis amapereka zabwino zingapo:
Kuchita Bwino: Amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti akhale oyenera ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi.
Kusinthasintha: Ma turbine a Francis amatha kusintha malinga ndi kusintha kwa madzi ndipo amatha kugwira ntchito pamagetsi otsika komanso okwera.
Mphamvu Yoyera: Mphamvu yamagetsi yamadzi imapangidwanso ndipo imatulutsa mpweya wochepa wowononga chilengedwe, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale mphamvu yokhazikika mtsogolo.
Kudalirika: Ma turbine awa amadziwika chifukwa cha kulimba kwawo komanso moyo wawo wautali, nthawi zambiri kupitirira zaka makumi angapo.
Mapeto
Malo opangira magetsi a Francis turbine ndi umboni wa luso la anthu pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya madzi oyenda kuti apange magetsi oyera. Amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusintha kupita ku magwero amphamvu okhazikika, kupereka njira yodalirika komanso yosawononga chilengedwe yokwaniritsira kufunikira kwa mphamvu zomwe zikukula padziko lonse lapansi. Pamene tikupitiliza kufufuza njira zoyera komanso zogwira mtima zopangira magetsi, ma turbine a Francis akadali maziko opangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi.