Chiyambi chachidule cha makina ophatikizika amagetsi opangira magetsi

Ma turbines a Francis ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazomera zamagetsi zamagetsi, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga mphamvu zoyera komanso zongowonjezedwanso. Ma turbines awa amatchulidwa potengera amene anawayambitsa, a James B. Francis, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyikira magetsi osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi. M'nkhaniyi, tiwona zinthu zazikulu komanso kufunikira kwa mafakitale amphamvu a turbine a Francis pakupanga mphamvu zokhazikika.
Anatomy ya Francis Turbines
Francis turbines ndi mtundu wa turbine wamadzi wopangidwa kuti uzigwira ntchito bwino pansi pa sing'anga mpaka pamwamba pamikhalidwe yama hydraulic mutu, nthawi zambiri kuyambira 20 mpaka 700 metres. Mapangidwe awo amaphatikizapo zigawo zonse za radial ndi axial flow flow, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osinthasintha pamitundu yambiri yamadzi othamanga.
Mapangidwe oyambira a turbine ya Francis ali ndi zinthu zingapo zofunika:
Wothamanga: Uwu ndi mtima wa turbine, pomwe madzi amalowa ndikulumikizana ndi masamba kuti apange mphamvu zamakina. Wothamanga ali ndi masamba angapo opindika opangidwa kuti azitha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu ya kinetic yakuyenda kwamadzi.
Spiral Casing: Chophimba chozungulira chimatsogolera madzi kwa wothamanga ndi kutaya mphamvu zochepa. Zimathandizira kuyenda kosasunthika ndi kupanikizika pamene madzi amalowa mu turbine.
Draft Tube: Pambuyo podutsa wothamanga, madzi amatuluka kudzera mu chubu chojambula, chomwe chimathandiza kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa kutuluka ndi kupanikizika, kukulitsa mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu.
Ntchito ya Francis Turbines
Kugwira ntchito kwa ma turbines a Francis kumatengera mfundo yosinthira mphamvu yamadzi akugwa kukhala mphamvu yamakina, yomwe imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Nayi chidule chosavuta cha momwe amagwirira ntchito:
Kumwa Madzi: Madzi othamanga kwambiri amalowetsedwa muzitsulo zozungulira, momwe amalowera wothamanga.
Kutembenuka kwa Mphamvu: Pamene madzi akuyenda kupyolera mu wothamanga, amagunda masamba opindika, kuchititsa wothamangayo kusinthasintha. Kuyenda kozunguliraku kumasintha mphamvu ya kinetic yamadzi kukhala mphamvu yamakina.
Mechanical to Electrical Energy: Wothamanga wozungulira amalumikizidwa ndi jenereta, yomwe imasintha mphamvu yamakina kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera mu mfundo za electromagnetic induction.
Kupanga Mphamvu: Mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imapangidwa imalowetsedwa mu gridi yamagetsi kuti igawidwe m'nyumba ndi m'mafakitale.
Ubwino wa Francis Turbine Power Plants
Zomera zamagetsi za turbine za Francis zimapereka maubwino angapo:
Kuchita bwino: Amachita bwino kwambiri pamayendedwe osiyanasiyana, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera ma projekiti osiyanasiyana amagetsi amadzi.
Kusinthasintha: Ma turbine a Francis amatha kusintha kusintha kwa madzi ndipo amatha kugwira ntchito zotsika komanso zapamwamba.
Mphamvu Zoyera: Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yongowonjezedwanso ndipo imatulutsa mpweya wocheperako wowonjezera kutentha, zomwe zimathandiza kuti tsogolo lamphamvu likhale lokhazikika.
Kudalirika: Ma turbines awa amadziwika chifukwa cha kulimba kwawo komanso moyo wautali wautumiki, nthawi zambiri umapitilira zaka makumi angapo.
Mapeto
Malo opangira magetsi a Francis turbine akuyimira umboni wa luso la anthu pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamadzi oyenda kuti apange magetsi abwino. Amagwira ntchito yofunikira kwambiri pakusintha kwamagetsi okhazikika, kupereka njira yodalirika komanso yokopa zachilengedwe kuti ikwaniritse zomwe zikukulirakulira padziko lapansi. Pamene tikupitiriza kufufuza njira zoyeretsera komanso zachangu zopangira magetsi, makina opangira magetsi a Francis akadali mwala wapangodya wopangira mphamvu zamagetsi.