Ma turbine a Pelton, okhala ndi mabaketi awo apadera komanso magwiridwe antchito othamanga kwambiri, ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga magetsi amphamvu kwambiri. Kuchita bwino kwawo komanso kulimba kwawo ndi kodziwika bwino, koma monga makina aliwonse olondola, magwiridwe antchito awo ndi moyo wawo zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi ubwino wa chisamaliro chawo cha tsiku ndi tsiku. Kusamalira tsiku ndi tsiku mosamala komanso mwadongosolo sikungokhala malangizo okha; ndi maziko opangira magetsi odalirika, otetezeka, komanso opindulitsa.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za macheke ofunikira okonza tsiku ndi tsiku ndi ntchito za Pelton Turbine Hydropower Plant.
Filosofi: Kupewa ndi Kwabwino Kuposa Kuchiza
Cholinga chachikulu chokonza tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kuzindikira ndi kuthana ndi mavuto ang'onoang'ono asanafike polephera kwakukulu. Kutuluka pang'ono kwa madzi, kugwedezeka pang'ono, kapena phokoso losazolowereka kungakhale chenjezo loyamba la vuto lomwe, ngati silingasamalidwe, lingayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu komanso nthawi yayitali komanso yokwera mtengo yopuma.
Mndandanda Woyang'anira Kukonza Tsiku ndi Tsiku
Zochita za tsiku ndi tsiku ziyenera kukhala kuyang'anitsitsa koyang'ana ndi kuyang'anira ntchito, komwe kumachitika nthawi zambiri kumayambiriro kwa ntchito iliyonse. Ogwira ntchito yokonza ayenera kutsatira mndandanda wotsatira ndikulemba zonse zomwe akuwona.
1. Kuyang'ana Maso (Panthawi Yogwira Ntchito - Kuchokera Patali):
Mawindo Oyang'anira ndi Kuyang'anira Turbine Casing: Yang'anani ngati pali zizindikiro zilizonse za kutuluka kwa madzi kuchokera ku zisindikizo za casing kapena gaskets. Onetsetsani kuti mawindo owunikira ali oyera komanso osawonongeka.
Ma Vavu ndi Ma Nozzle a Mpeni: Yang'anani madzi opopera kuchokera kuzungulira nozzle assembly kapena stem ya spear valve, kusonyeza zisindikizo zosweka. Jet iyenera kukhala mtsinje wolimba, wakuthwa ngati pensulo.
Maulalo a Governor ndi Actuator: Yang'anani m'maso ngati pali kulumikizana kulikonse kosasunthika, kutuluka kwa ma silinda a hydraulic, kapena mayendedwe osazolowereka.
Jenereta ndi Kulumikiza: Yang'anani jenereta ngati pali zizindikiro zilizonse za kutentha kwambiri ndipo mvetserani ngati pali phokoso lachilendo. Yang'anani kulumikizanako ngati pali zizindikiro zilizonse za kusakhazikika bwino.
Ma drain ndi Sumps: Onetsetsani kuti drain za pansi zili zoyera komanso kuti pampu yomwe ili mu turbine pit sump ikugwira ntchito bwino kuti madzi asasonkhanitsidwe.
2. Kuyang'anira Kumva ndi Kugwedezeka:
Phokoso Losazolowereka: Mvetserani mosamala phokoso lililonse lomwe silikugwirizana ndi phokoso lachizolowezi lokhazikika. Kudina, kupukuta, kapena kukanda phokoso kuchokera ku mabearing a turbine kapena jenereta ndi zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri.
Kugwedezeka Kwambiri: Muzimva ngati pali kugwedezeka kwina kulikonse mwa kuyika dzanja lanu pazigawo zokhazikika za chivundikiro cha turbine kapena ma bearing housings (pokhapokha ngati kuli koyenera kutero). Kugwedezeka mwadzidzidzi nthawi zambiri kumasonyeza kusalinganika, kusakhazikika bwino, kapena kuwonongeka kwa bearing.
3. Kulemba ndi Kusanthula Deta Yogwira Ntchito:
Zomera zamakono zimadalira deta. Ogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kulemba mosamala magawo ofunikira ndikuyerekeza ndi mawerengedwe oyambira.
Kutentha kwa Bearing: Gwiritsani ntchito ma thermometer a infrared kapena yang'anani masensa omwe adayikidwa kuti awone kutentha kwa ma turbine ndi ma generator bearing. Kutentha komwe kumakwera ndi chizindikiro chodziwikiratu cha kulephera kwa mafuta kapena kuwonongeka kwa ma bearing.
Mafuta ndi Mkhalidwe Wake
Mafuta a Gavana: Yang'anani mulingo wa mafuta mu thanki ya gavana. Yang'anani zizindikiro zilizonse za mitambo (zosonyeza kuipitsidwa kwa madzi) kapena kusintha mtundu.
Kupaka Mafuta: Pa mabearing opaka mafuta, yang'anani mulingo wa mafuta mugalasi loyang'ana. Pa mabearing opaka mafuta, onani ngati chopaka mafuta chokha chikufunika kuwonjezeredwa.
Mageji Oyezera Kupanikizika: Lembani kuthamanga kwa makina oyezera kuthamanga kwa madzi ndi ziwerengero zina zilizonse zokhudzana ndi kuthamanga kwa madzi.
Magawo Ogwirira Ntchito: Onani mutu (kuthamanga kwa madzi), kuchuluka kwa madzi, kutulutsa kwa jenereta (MW), ndi liwiro (RPM). Kutsika kwa mphamvu ya madzi pa mutu ndi madzi omwewo kungasonyeze kuwonongeka kwa zidebe kapena nozzle.
4. Kuyang'ana kwa Zigawo Zapadera:
Jet ndi Deflector: Onetsetsani kuti jet deflector (ngati ili ndi zida) ikugwira ntchito bwino komanso mwachangu ikayesedwa. Ntchito yake ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti katundu akanidwe mwachangu.
Mkondo wa Singano: Yang'anirani kayendedwe ka valavu ya mkondo kuti igwire bwino ntchito popanda kugwedezeka, zomwe zingasonyeze kuti pali vuto ndi servo ya governor.
Pelton Runner: Pa nthawi yotseka, ngati mawindo owunikira alola, yang'anani bwino mabaketi a runner kuti muwone ngati pali zizindikiro zilizonse za kusweka, kubowola (kuchokera ku cavitation), kapena kuwonongeka, makamaka pa splitter nsonga. Dziwani: Iyi nthawi zambiri imakhala ntchito ya sabata iliyonse kapena mwezi uliwonse, koma vuto lililonse la magwiridwe antchito liyenera kuyambitsa kufufuza mwachangu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-14-2025
