Ndi kuwonjezeka kosalekeza kwa kufunikira kwa mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi, matekinoloje osiyanasiyana opangira magetsi akukula pang'onopang'ono ndikukula. Mphamvu zotentha, mphamvu yamadzi, mphamvu yamphepo, ndi matekinoloje opangira magetsi a photovoltaic zatenga gawo lofunikira pamakampani opanga magetsi. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza momveka bwino ubwino ndi kuipa kwa njira zamakono zopangira magetsi monga magetsi otentha, magetsi opangira madzi, mphamvu ya mphepo, ndi photovoltaic kuchokera kumawonedwe osiyanasiyana, kuti apereke malemba kuti anthu amvetse bwino ndikusankha njira zopangira magetsi zomwe zili zoyenera pazosowa zawo.
1. Mphamvu yotentha
1. Ubwino:
Mphamvu yotenthetsera pano ndi imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri zopangira magetsi padziko lonse lapansi. Ubwino wake ndi:
(1) Ndalama zotsika mtengo: Ndalama zomanga ndi zogwirira ntchito zamafakitale opangira magetsi otenthetsera ndizochepa, ndipo mafuta amafuta ndi okhazikika komanso odalirika.
(2) Kupanga mphamvu kwamphamvu kwambiri: Malo opangira magetsi otenthetsera nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu zopangira mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zotentha zomwe zimayaka chifukwa cha kuyaka ndikuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
(3) Kusinthika kwamphamvu: Zomera zamagetsi zotentha zimakhala ndi kusintha kwamphamvu ndipo zimatha kusintha mphamvu zamagetsi malinga ndi kusintha kwa katundu.
2. Zoyipa:
Mphamvu yotentha si njira yabwino yopangira magetsi, komanso ili ndi zovuta zotsatirazi:
(1) Mpweya wochuluka wa carbon dioxide: Kuwotcha malasha kapena mafuta ndi mafuta ena m’mafakitale opangira magetsi otenthetsera magetsi kungathe kutulutsa mpweya wochuluka wotenthetsa dziko lapansi monga carbon dioxide, zomwe zikukulitsa nkhani za kusintha kwa nyengo padziko lonse.
(2) Kusowa kwamafuta amafuta: Mafuta amafuta amtundu wanthawi zonse monga malasha amakhala ndi malo ochepa, okwera mtengo wochotsa, ndipo amatha kuwononga chilengedwe.
(3) Kuipitsa mpweya kwambiri: Kuwotcha kwa mafakitale amphamvu zotentha kumatulutsa mpweya wambiri woipa monga ma nitrogen oxides ndi sulfure dioxide, zomwe zimasokoneza kwambiri mpweya.
2, Mphamvu ya Hydropower
1. Ubwino:
Hydropower ndi njira yopangira magetsi yoyera komanso yongowonjezedwanso yokhala ndi zabwino izi:
(1) Palibe kuipitsa: Zomera zopangira magetsi amadzi sizitulutsa mpweya wotenthetsa dziko monga carbon dioxide, ndipo kuipitsa kwawo chilengedwe n’kochepa kwambiri.
(2) Mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa: Mphamvu ya Hydropower imasintha mphamvu yoyenda madzi kukhala magetsi, ndipo njira yoyendetsera madzi imatha kubwezeretsedwanso popanda kutha, kupangitsa mphamvu kukhala yokhazikika.
(3) Kuwongolera mwamphamvu: Zomera zamagetsi zimakhala ndi mphamvu zowongolera ndipo zimatha kusintha kutulutsa kwamagetsi malinga ndi zomwe zimafunikira.
2. Zoyipa:
Ngakhale hydropower ili ndi zabwino zake zapadera, ilinso ndi zovuta izi:
(1) Madzi ndi ochepa: Malo opangira magetsi amadzi amafunikira madzi ambiri, koma kagawidwe ka madzi kamakhala kopanda malire, ndipo madera ena angakumane ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa madzi.
(2) Kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi chilengedwe: Kumanga malo akuluakulu opangira magetsi pamadzi kungafunike kusefukira kwa nthaka, kuwononga chilengedwe, ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu okhala m'madzi.
(3) Ndalama zazikulu zauinjiniya: Kumanga kwa malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi ndi kwakukulu, kumafuna ndalama zambiri zauinjiniya.
3, Mphamvu yamphepo
1. Ubwino:
M'zaka zaposachedwa, ukadaulo wamagetsi amphepo wakula mwachangu, ndi zabwino kuphatikiza:
(1) Mphamvu yoyera: Mphamvu yamphepo ndi gwero lamphamvu laukhondo komanso lopangidwanso lomwe silitulutsa zowononga komanso mpweya wowonjezera kutentha.
(2) Mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso: Mphamvu zamphepo ndi mphamvu zopanda malire zomwe zimapanga magetsi kudzera mkuzungulira kwa makina opangira mphepo ndipo pafupifupi sizitha.
(3) Kusinthasintha kwamphamvu kwachigawo: Mphamvu zamphepo zitha kumangidwa m'matauni, m'matawuni, kumidzi, ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndikutha kusinthasintha kwamphamvu m'chigawo.
2. Zoyipa:
Ukadaulo wamagetsi amphepo ulinso ndi zovuta izi:
(1) Kusakhazikika: Kusakhazikika kwa mphamvu yamphepo kumabweretsa kudalirika kosadalirika kwa kupanga mphamvu yamphepo, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yosayenera ngati gwero loyambira lamagetsi.
(2) Phokoso ndi kuipitsa m’maso: Ma turbines amphepo amatulutsa phokoso pogwira ntchito, ndipo kukongola kwa ma turbine amphepo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotsutsana.
(3) Ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito ndi kukonza: Ma turbines amphepo amafunikira kukonzanso ndikusamalira nthawi zonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zambiri zoyendetsera ntchito ndi kukonza.
4, Mphamvu ya Photovoltaic
1. Ubwino:
Mphamvu ya Photovoltaic ndi njira yopangira mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa kuti isinthe mphamvu ya dzuwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Ubwino wake ndi:
(1) Mphamvu yoyera: Mphamvu ya dzuwa, monga gwero lamphamvu lamphamvu, silitulutsa zowononga ndi mpweya wowonjezera kutentha mu mphamvu ya photovoltaic.
(2) Mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa: Mphamvu ya Dzuwa ndi gwero lamphamvu lopanda malire lomwe limatha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino cheza chadzuwa popanda kutha.
(3) Mtengo wotsika mtengo: Makina opanga magetsi a Photovoltaic ali ndi ndalama zochepa zokonza ndipo amangofuna kuyeretsa nthawi zonse ma modules a photovoltaic.
2. Zoyipa:
Kupanga magetsi kwa Photovoltaic kulinso ndi zovuta zotsatirazi:
(1) Kuletsa kwa dzuwa: Mphamvu ya Photovoltaic imakhudzidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndipo sangathe kupanga magetsi mumvula komanso usiku. Zida zosungiramo mphamvu kapena zina zowonjezera mphamvu ziyenera kukhala ndi zida.
(2) Kuchepa kwa mphamvu yamagetsi: Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi a photovoltaic ndi yochepa kwambiri, yomwe imafuna malo akuluakulu a photovoltaic modules kuti akwaniritse zofuna zazikulu za mphamvu.
(3) Kuipitsa komwe kumapangidwa panthawi yopanga: Zida zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma photovoltaic modules zingayambitse kuipitsa chilengedwe.
Pomaliza:
Mphamvu yotentha, mphamvu yamadzi, mphamvu yamphepo, ndi matekinoloje opangira magetsi a photovoltaic onse ali ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa zawo. Kusankha njira yoyenera yopangira magetsi kuyenera kuganizira mozama zinthu zingapo monga mtengo wamagetsi, kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe, ndi momwe zinthu zilili m'madera. Pachitukuko champhamvu chamtsogolo, kuyesetsa kukulitsa kafukufuku ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi, ndikuchepetsa pang'onopang'ono kudalira mafuta achilengedwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-30-2024
