Kodi dontho la madzi lingagwiritsidwenso ntchito bwanji nthawi 19? Nkhani ina ikuvumbula zinsinsi za kupanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi
Kwa nthawi yayitali, kupanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi kwakhala njira yofunika kwambiri yopezera magetsi. Mtsinjewu umayenda makilomita masauzande ambiri, uli ndi mphamvu zambiri. Kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zachilengedwe zamadzi kukhala magetsi kumatchedwa kupanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi. Njira yopangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi njira yosinthira mphamvu.
1, Kodi malo osungira magetsi opompedwa ndi chiyani?
Malo osungira magetsi opompa ndi njira yosungira mphamvu yolimba kwambiri komanso yokhazikika yomwe ikukula kwambiri paukadaulo. Pomanga kapena kugwiritsa ntchito malo awiri osungiramo mphamvu omwe alipo, dontho limapangidwa, ndipo magetsi ochulukirapo ochokera ku makina amagetsi panthawi yochepa amapompedwa kupita kumalo okwera kuti asungidwe. Panthawi yodzaza mphamvu zambiri, magetsi amapangidwa potulutsa madzi, omwe amadziwika kuti "super power bank"
Malo opangira magetsi ndi malo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya kayendedwe ka madzi kuti apange magetsi. Nthawi zambiri amamangidwa pamalo okwera kwambiri m'mitsinje, pogwiritsa ntchito madamu kuti aletse kuyenda kwa madzi ndikupanga malo osungira madzi, omwe kenako amasintha mphamvu ya madzi kukhala magetsi kudzera mu ma turbine amadzi ndi ma jenereta.
Komabe, mphamvu yopangira magetsi ya siteshoni imodzi yamagetsi si yokwera kwambiri chifukwa madzi akadutsa mu siteshoni yamagetsi yamadzi, pamakhalabe mphamvu zambiri za kinetic zomwe sizigwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati malo ambiri opangira magetsi amadzi amatha kulumikizidwa motsatizana kuti apange dongosolo la cascade, dontho la madzi likhoza kuyatsidwa kangapo pamlingo wosiyana, motero kumawonjezera mphamvu yopangira magetsi.
Kodi ubwino wa malo opangira magetsi ndi wotani kupatula kupanga magetsi? Ndipotu, kumanga malo opangira magetsi ndi madzi kumakhudzanso kwambiri chitukuko cha zachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu am'deralo.
Kumbali imodzi, kumanga malo opangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi kungathandize kumanga zomangamanga za m'deralo ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale. Kumanga malo opangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi kumafuna anthu ambiri, zinthu zakuthupi, komanso ndalama, zomwe zimapereka mwayi wopeza ntchito m'deralo komanso kufunika kwa msika, zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zogwirira ntchito zokhudzana ndi mafakitale, komanso kumawonjezera ndalama za m'deralo. Mwachitsanzo, ndalama zonse zomwe zayikidwa mu pulojekiti ya Wudongde Hydropower Station ndi pafupifupi 120 biliyoni yuan, zomwe zingathandize kuti ndalama zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera osiyanasiyana zikhale 100 biliyoni yuan mpaka 125 biliyoni yuan. Panthawi yomanga, kuchuluka kwa ntchito pachaka kumakhala pafupifupi anthu 70000, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chuma cha m'deralo chikule.
Kumbali inayi, kumanga malo opangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi kungathandize kuti chilengedwe chikhale bwino komanso kuti anthu azikhala bwino. Kumanga malo opangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi sikuyenera kungotsatira miyezo yokhazikika ya chilengedwe, komanso kubwezeretsa ndi kuteteza zachilengedwe, kuswana ndi kutulutsa nsomba zosowa, kukonza malo okhala m'mitsinje, komanso kulimbikitsa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, kuyambira pomwe malo opangira magetsi a Wudongde adakhazikitsidwa, nsomba zophikidwa mwachisawawa zoposa 780000 monga nsomba ya split belly, white turtle, long thin loach, ndi bass carp zatulutsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kumanga malo opangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi kumafunanso kusamutsa ndi kusamukira anthu othawa kwawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu am'deralo azikhala bwino komanso kuti anthu azikhala ndi mwayi wotukuka. Mwachitsanzo, Qiaojia County ndi komwe kuli Malo Opangira Magetsi a Madzi a Baihetan, zomwe zikuphatikizapo kusamutsa ndi kusamukira anthu 48563. Qiaojia County yasintha malo osungira anthu kukhala malo amakono osungira anthu okhala m'mizinda, kukonza zomangamanga ndi malo ogwirira ntchito za anthu onse, komanso kukonza moyo wabwino komanso chisangalalo cha anthu othawa kwawo.
Siteshoni yamagetsi yamadzi si malo opangira magetsi okha, komanso ndi malo opindulitsa. Sikuti imangopereka mphamvu zoyera mdziko muno, komanso imabweretsa chitukuko chobiriwira m'derali. Iyi ndi njira yabwino kwa onse yomwe tiyenera kuiyamikira ndi kuiphunzira.
2, Mitundu yoyambira ya mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi
Njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pogwetsa madzi ambiri ndi monga kumanga madamu, kusuntha madzi, kapena kuphatikiza zonse ziwiri.
Mangani damu m'chigawo cha mtsinje ndi dontho lalikulu, khazikitsani thanki yosungira madzi ndikukweza madzi, ikani turbine yamadzi kunja kwa damu, ndipo madzi ochokera m'thankiyo amayenda kudzera mu njira yotumizira madzi (njira yosinthira) kupita ku turbine yamadzi yomwe ili pansi pa damu. Madziwo amayendetsa turbine kuti izungulire ndikuyendetsa jenereta kuti ipange magetsi, kenako amayenda kudzera mu njira yolowera m'mbuyo kupita kumtsinje womwe uli pansi. Iyi ndi njira yomangira damu ndikumanga thanki yopangira magetsi.
Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu kwa madzi pakati pa pamwamba pa madzi a dziwe mkati mwa damu ndi pamwamba pa malo otulukira a hydraulic turbine kunja kwa damu, madzi ambiri mu dziwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zingathandize kupeza mphamvu zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito madzi. Siteshoni yamagetsi yamadzi yomwe idakhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yochepetsera madzi ambiri mu kapangidwe ka damu imatchedwa siteshoni yamagetsi yamadzi yamtundu wa damu, makamaka yokhala ndi malo opangira magetsi amadzi amtundu wa damu ndi malo opangira magetsi amadzi amtundu wa mtsinje.
Kukhazikitsa dziwe losungira madzi ndikukweza madzi m'mphepete mwa mtsinje, kukhazikitsa turbine yamadzi m'mphepete mwa mtsinje, ndikuchotsa madzi kuchokera ku dziwe lakumtunda kupita ku turbine yamadzi yotsika kudzera mu njira yosinthira madzi. Kuyenda kwa madzi kumayendetsa turbine kuti izungulire ndikuyendetsa jenereta kuti ipange magetsi, kenako imadutsa munjira yolowera m'mphepete mwa mtsinje kupita kumadera otsika a mtsinje. Njira yosinthira madzi idzakhala yayitali ndipo imadutsa m'phiri, lomwe ndi njira yosinthira madzi ndi kupanga magetsi.
Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu kwa madzi H0 pakati pa malo osungira madzi akumtunda ndi malo otulutsira madzi a turbine akumunsi, madzi ambiri m'malo osungira madzi amagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zingathandize kuti madzi azigwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri. Malo opangira magetsi amagetsi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira madzi mozama amatchedwa malo opangira magetsi a mtundu wa diversion, makamaka kuphatikiza malo opangira magetsi a mtundu wa pressure diversion ndi malo opangira magetsi a mtundu wa non pressure diversion.
3, Kodi mungatani kuti "dontho la madzi ligwiritsidwenso ntchito ka 19"?
Zikumveka kuti Nanshan Hydropower Station inamalizidwa mwalamulo ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito pa Okutobala 30, 2019, yomwe ili pamalo olumikizirana a Yanyuan County ndi Butuo County ku Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. Mphamvu yonse yoyikidwa pa siteshoni yamagetsi ndi 102000 megawatts, yomwe ndi pulojekiti yamagetsi yamadzi yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito bwino madzi achilengedwe, mphamvu ya mphepo, ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa. Ndipo chinthu chokopa kwambiri ndichakuti siteshoni yamagetsi yamadzi iyi sikuti imangopanga magetsi okha, komanso imakwaniritsa bwino madzi kudzera munjira zaukadaulo. Imagwiritsa ntchito dontho la madzi mobwerezabwereza ka 19, ndikupanga ma kilowatt owonjezera a maola 34.1 biliyoni amagetsi, ndikupanga zodabwitsa zambiri pakupanga magetsi amadzi.
Choyamba, Nanshan Hydropower Station ikugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wotsogola kwambiri padziko lonse wopanga magetsi osakanikirana amadzi, womwe umagwiritsa ntchito bwino madzi achilengedwe, mphamvu ya mphepo, ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa, ndipo umakwaniritsa kukonza bwino komanso mgwirizano kudzera munjira zaukadaulo, motero umapangitsa kuti pakhale chitukuko chokhazikika.
Kachiwiri, siteshoni yamagetsi yamadzi imayambitsa ukadaulo wapamwamba monga kusanthula deta yayikulu, luntha lochita kupanga, ndi intaneti ya Zinthu kuti iyendetse bwino zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga magawo a unit, mulingo wamadzi, mutu, ndi kuyenda kwa madzi, kuti ipititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a siteshoni yamagetsi yamadzi. Mwachitsanzo, pokhazikitsa ukadaulo wotsatira kuthamanga kwa mutu nthawi zonse komanso kuwongolera, chipangizo chopangira magetsi cha turbine yamadzi chimagwiritsa ntchito bwino madzi pomwe chikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito ikuyenda bwino, kukwaniritsa cholinga chokweza ndikuwonjezera kupanga magetsi kudzera mu kukonza bwino mutu. Nthawi yomweyo, pamene mulingo wamadzi m'malo osungiramo madzi uli wotsika, malo opangira magetsi amadzi amakhazikitsa njira yoyendetsera bwino thanki kuti ichepetse kuchepa kwa madzi, kupititsa patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zopangira magetsi.
Kuphatikiza apo, kapangidwe kabwino kwambiri ka Nanshan Hydropower Station nakonso n'kofunika kwambiri. Imagwiritsa ntchito turbine yamadzi ya PM (turbine ya Pelton Michel), yomwe imadziwika ndi mfundo yakuti madzi akamapopera pa impeller, dera lozungulira la nozzle ndi liwiro la madzi kupita ku impeller zitha kusinthidwa pozungulira, kuti zigwirizane ndi komwe madzi amapopera ndi komwe amapopera ndi komwe amapopera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi igwire bwino ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo wapamwamba monga ukadaulo wopopera madzi wa multi-point komanso kuwonjezera magawo ozungulira agwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zathandiza kwambiri kuti mphamvu yamagetsi igwire bwino ntchito.
Pomaliza, Nanshan Hydropower Station ikugwiritsanso ntchito ukadaulo wapadera wosungira mphamvu. Malo osungira madzi okwana madzi ochulukirapo awonjezedwa m'dera losungira madzi. Kudzera mu thanki yosungira madzi, madzi amatha kugawidwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kukwaniritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana monga kupanga madzi ndi kutumiza mphamvu, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti madzi akugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino komanso mosamala.
Ponseponse, chifukwa chomwe Nanshan Hydropower Station yakwaniritsira cholinga cha "kugwiritsanso ntchito ka 19 pa dontho la madzi" ndi chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ukadaulo wotsogola kwambiri padziko lonse wopanga magetsi osakanikirana amadzi, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamakono, njira zoyendetsera bwino, kapangidwe kabwino kwambiri, ndi ukadaulo wapadera wosungira mphamvu. Izi sizimangobweretsa malingaliro ndi zitsanzo zatsopano zopititsira patsogolo makampani opanga magetsi amadzi, komanso zimapereka ziwonetsero zabwino komanso zolimbikitsa za chitukuko chokhazikika cha makampani opanga magetsi aku China.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-14-2023
