Avereji yachitukuko chazinthu zazing'ono zamagetsi zamagetsi ku China chafika 60%, madera ena akuyandikira 90%. Kuwona momwe mphamvu yamadzi yaing'ono ingatengere nawo gawo pakusintha kobiriwira ndi chitukuko cha zomangamanga zatsopano zopangira mphamvu pansi pa carbon peak ndi kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni.
Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yaying'ono yathandiza kwambiri kuthetsa vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi m'madera akumidzi ku China, kuthandizira chitukuko cha zachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu akumidzi, komanso kuthana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwachitukuko kwazinthu zazing'ono zamagetsi ku China zafika 60%, madera ena akuyandikira 90%. Cholinga cha chitukuko chaching'ono chopangira mphamvu yamadzi chasintha kuchoka pakukula kwachuma kupita pakukumba ndi kuyang'anira katundu. Posachedwapa, mtolankhaniyo anafunsa Dr. Xu Jincai, Mtsogoleri wa International Small Hydropower Center ya Utumiki wa Madzi ndi Mtsogoleri wa Hydroelectric Power Special Committee ya Chinese Water Conservancy Society, kuti afufuze momwe magetsi ang'onoang'ono amatha kutenga nawo mbali pakusintha kobiriwira ndi chitukuko cha ntchito yomanga dongosolo latsopano la mphamvu pansi pa maziko a mpweya wa carbon ndi kusalowerera ndale.
Kumapeto kwa chaka chatha, maiko 136 adakonza zolinga zakusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni, zomwe zikukhudza 88% ya mpweya woipa wapadziko lonse lapansi, 90% ya GDP, ndi 85% ya anthu. Chikhalidwe chonse cha kusintha kobiriwira padziko lonse lapansi ndi kutsika kwa kaboni sikungatheke. China yatinso ikhazikitse mfundo ndi njira zolimba, ndicholinga chofuna kutulutsa mpweya woipa kwambiri pofika chaka cha 2030 ndikuyesetsa kukwaniritsa kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni pofika 2060.
Kupitilira 70% ya mpweya wowonjezera kutentha padziko lonse lapansi ndi wokhudzana ndi mphamvu, ndipo vuto la nyengo likufuna kuti tiziwongolera mosamalitsa kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha. Dziko la China ndilomwe limapanga mphamvu zambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso ogula zinthu zambiri padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zimawerengera pafupifupi 1/5 ndi 1/4 yamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi omwe amapanga ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, motsatana. Mphamvu zake zimakhala ndi malasha ambiri, mafuta osakwanira, komanso mpweya wochepa. Kudalira kwakunja kwamafuta ndi gasi wachilengedwe kumapitilira 70% ndi 40% motsatana.
Komabe, liwiro la chitukuko cha mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ku China m'zaka zaposachedwa likuwonekera kwa onse. Kumapeto kwa chaka chatha, mphamvu zonse zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa za mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso zidapitilira ma kilowatts 1.2 biliyoni, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi yokhazikitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi inali pafupifupi ma kilowatts 3.3 biliyoni. Titha kunena kuti gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mphamvu zowonjezeredwa zamphamvu zomwe zakhazikitsidwa zidachokera ku China. Makampani opanga magetsi aku China apanga mwayi wotsogola padziko lonse lapansi, wokhala ndi zida zazikulu monga photovoltaic ndi mphamvu yamphepo zomwe zimawerengera 70% ya msika wapadziko lonse lapansi.
Kukula mwachangu kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso kudzafuna njira zoyendetsera bwino, komanso ubwino wowongolera mphamvu yamagetsi opangidwa ndi madzi udzakhalanso wowoneka bwino. Mphamvu ya Hydropower ndiyo ukadaulo wokhwima kwambiri wongowonjezera mphamvu ndipo itenga gawo labwino pakusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni padziko lonse lapansi. Poyankha, boma la US likukonzekera kuyika ndalama zokwana madola 630 miliyoni pakusintha ndi kukweza mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi m'dziko lonselo, makamaka kuyang'ana pakukonza mphamvu yamadzi ndi kukonza bwino.
Ngakhale magetsi ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi madzi amakhala ndi gawo laling'ono m'makampani opanga magetsi aku China, ndikofunikabe kwambiri. Pali masiteshoni ang'onoang'ono opitilira 10000 opangira magetsi opangira magetsi ku China okhala ndi mphamvu yosungira ma kiyubiki metres 100000 kapena kupitilira apo, omwe ndi apadera ogawa mphamvu zosungidwa ndi malamulo omwe atha kuthandizira gawo lalikulu lakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano m'chigawo kudzera mu kulumikizana ndi grid.
Kukula kwamagetsi ang'onoang'ono a hydropower ndi kukhalirana kogwirizana kwa chilengedwe
Potsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha carbon peak ndi kusalowerera ndale kwa carbon, njira yopangira magetsi ang'onoang'ono amadzimadzi yasintha kuti igwirizane ndi zomangamanga zatsopano zamagetsi ndi kukwaniritsa kukhalirana kogwirizana pakati pa chitukuko chochepa cha mphamvu yamadzi ndi chilengedwe. The Action Plan for Carbon Peak isanafike 2030 ikufuna kufulumizitsa chitukuko chobiriwira chamagetsi ang'onoang'ono amagetsi ngati gawo lofunikira pakusintha kwamphamvu kobiriwira komanso kutsika kwa kaboni.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, China yachita zambiri pakusintha kobiriwira ndikukula kwamagetsi ang'onoang'ono a hydropower. Chimodzi ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu ndi kukulitsa mphamvu kwa magetsi ang'onoang'ono a hydropower. Boma lapakati laika ndalama zokwana 8.5 biliyoni za yuan mu Dongosolo la 12 la Zaka Zisanu, kutsiriza kugwira ntchito bwino ndi kukulitsa mphamvu ndi kukonzanso malo 4300 opangira magetsi kumidzi. Boma laika ndalama zokwana 4.6 biliyoni mu Dongosolo la Zaka 13 la Zaka Zisanu, kutsiriza kugwira ntchito bwino ndi kukulitsa mphamvu ndi kukonzanso kwa malo ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi okwana 2100 m'zigawo 22, komanso kusintha kwachilengedwe ndi kukonzanso mitsinje yopitilira 1300. Mu 2017, International Small Hydropower Center inakonza kukhazikitsidwa kwa "Global Environment Facility" China Small Hydropower Efficiency Enhancement, Expansion, and Transformation pulojekiti yowonjezera phindu. Pakali pano, ntchito yoyeserera yamalizidwa m’mapulojekiti 19 m’zigawo 8, ndipo zokumana nazo zikufotokozedwa mwachidule kuti zigawidwe m’maiko osiyanasiyana.
Chachiwiri ndi kuyeretsa kwakung'ono kwa mphamvu yamadzi ndi kukonza kochitidwa ndi Unduna wa Zamadzi kuti abwezeretse kulumikizana kwa mitsinje, kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi, ndikukonza magawo amitsinje. Kuyambira 2018 mpaka 2020, Yangtze River Economic Belt idayeretsa ndi kukonza malo ang'onoang'ono opitilira 25000 opangira magetsi, ndipo malo opangira magetsi opitilira 21000 adagwiritsa ntchito kayendedwe ka zachilengedwe molingana ndi malamulo ndipo adalumikizidwa ndi nsanja zosiyanasiyana zowongolera. Pakali pano, kuyeretsa ndi kukonza malo opangira mphamvu yamadzi opitilira 2800 mu Yellow River Basin kukupitilira.
Chachitatu ndikupanga malo owonetsera magetsi ang'onoang'ono obiriwira. Chiyambireni kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo obiriwira ang'onoang'ono opangira mphamvu yamadzi mu 2017, kumapeto kwa chaka chatha, dziko la China lapanga malo opitilira 900 opangira magetsi obiriwira. Masiku ano, kusintha kobiriwira ndi chitukuko cha magetsi ang'onoang'ono opangira madzi kwakhala ndondomeko ya dziko. Malo ambiri ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi opangira madzi m'maboma ndi m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana akonza njira zobiriwira zopangira mphamvu yamadzi, kukonza njira zotulutsira zachilengedwe komanso kuyang'anira, ndikukhazikitsanso kubwezeretsa zachilengedwe. Popanga ziwonetsero zazing'ono zobiriwira zopangira mphamvu yamadzi, tikufuna kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko chapamwamba cha kusintha kobiriwira m'mabeseni a mitsinje, madera, ngakhalenso makampani ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi.
Chachinayi ndikukonza malo ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi opangira madzi. Pakali pano, malo ambiri ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi opangira magetsi asintha njira yodziwika bwino yodziyimira pawokha komanso kugawikana m'malo amodzi pamalo amodzi, ndipo akukhazikitsa njira imodzi yogwirira ntchito yamagulu opangira magetsi m'chigawo kapena m'madzi.
Ponseponse, m'mbuyomu, ntchito yomanga magetsi ang'onoang'ono amadzi inali yopereka magetsi komanso kukwaniritsa magetsi akumidzi. Kusintha kwapano kwa magetsi ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi amadzi ndicholinga chofuna kukonza bwino, chitetezo, komanso momwe chilengedwe chimayendera pamalo opangira magetsi, ndikukwaniritsa kusintha kobiriwira kwapamwamba. Chitukuko chokhazikika chamagetsi ang'onoang'ono a hydropower m'tsogolomu chidzakhala ndi gawo lapadera pakuwongolera kusungirako mphamvu, kuthandiza kukwaniritsa cholinga cha "carbon wapawiri".
Kuyang'ana m'tsogolo, malo opangira magetsi ang'onoang'ono omwe alipo atha kusinthidwa kukhala malo opangira magetsi opopera kuti alimbikitse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso mwachisawawa ndikukwaniritsa kusintha kobiriwira kwamagetsi ang'onoang'ono amadzi. Mwachitsanzo, mu May chaka chatha, pambuyo pa kukonzanso kwa malo opangira magetsi opopera a Chunchangba ku Xiaojin County, Aba Prefecture, m'chigawo cha Sichuan, kuphatikiza kwa mphamvu ya hydropower, photovoltaic, ndi pompu yosungirako kunapangidwa.
Kuonjezera apo, magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi ndi mphamvu zatsopano zimakhala ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu, ndipo malo opangira magetsi ang'onoang'ono ali ndi madera osiyanasiyana komanso ochuluka kwambiri, ndipo gawo lalikulu silikuchita bwino poyendetsa magetsi. Malo opangira magetsi ang'onoang'ono atha kutenga nawo gawo pazomera zamagetsi kuti zithandizire kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndikusinthana kwa msika, ndikupereka chithandizo chothandizira monga kumeta nsonga, kuwongolera pafupipafupi, ndi kusunga ma gridi yamagetsi.
Mwayi wina womwe sungathe kunyalanyazidwa ndikuti kuphatikiza kwa hydropower ndi satifiketi zobiriwira, magetsi obiriwira, ndi malonda a kaboni zidzabweretsa phindu latsopano kusewera. Kutengera chitsanzo cha satifiketi yobiriwira yapadziko lonse lapansi, mu 2022, tidayambitsa kupanga ziphaso zobiriwira zapadziko lonse lapansi zamagetsi ang'onoang'ono amagetsi. Tinasankha malo opangira magetsi 19 mu Lishui Demonstration Zone ya International Small Hydropower Center monga ziwonetsero za chitukuko cha satifiketi yobiriwira yapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo tamaliza kulembetsa, kutulutsa, ndi kugulitsa ziphaso zobiriwira zapadziko lonse 140000 pagulu loyamba la masiteshoni 6 amagetsi. Pakalipano, pakati pa ziphaso zobiriwira zapadziko lonse lapansi monga mphamvu ya mphepo, photovoltaic, ndi hydropower, hydropower ndi ntchito yomwe ili ndi voliyumu yotulutsidwa kwambiri, yokhala ndi mphamvu ya hydropower yaing'ono pafupifupi 23%. Zikalata zobiriwira, magetsi obiriwira, ndi malonda a kaboni zikuwonetsa kufunika kwa chilengedwe cha ntchito zatsopano zamagetsi, zomwe zimathandizira kupanga msika ndi njira yayitali yopangira mphamvu zobiriwira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito.
Pomaliza, ndikufuna kutsindika kuti kutukuka kobiriwira kwa magetsi ang'onoang'ono ku China kungathandizenso kukonzanso kumidzi. Chaka chino, China ikugwiritsa ntchito "Kampeni ya Mphamvu ya Mphepo ya Mizinda ndi Matauni zikwizikwi" ndi "Photovoltaic Campaign for Thousands of Households" kuti ipititse patsogolo chitukuko choyesa cha photovoltaics yogawidwa padenga, kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zoyera zakumidzi, ndikugwira ntchito yoyendetsa ntchito yoyendetsa magetsi kumidzi. Small hydropower ndi gwero la mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso zokhala ndi mphamvu zapadera zosungiramo mphamvu ndi ntchito zowongolera, komanso ndi chinthu chachilengedwe chomwe ndi chosavuta kukwaniritsa kutembenuka kwamtengo kumadera amapiri. Ikhoza kulimbikitsa kusintha kwaukhondo ndi mpweya wochepa wa mphamvu zakumidzi ndikuthandizira kulimbikitsa chitukuko
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-07-2023
