Mphamvu yamadzi ndi ukadaulo wasayansi womwe umaphunzira nkhani zaukadaulo ndi zachuma monga zomangamanga ndi kasamalidwe ka zopangira. Mphamvu yamadzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magetsi amadzi makamaka ndi mphamvu yomwe imasungidwa m'madzi. Kuti magetsi amadzi asinthe kukhala magetsi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malo opangira magetsi amadzi iyenera kumangidwa.
1. Chiyambi: Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi m'mitsinje, nyanja, ndi zina zotero. Zili pamalo okwera kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi mphamvu zomwe zingatheke, zomwe zimapita kumalo otsika kwambiri ndikusintha mphamvu zomwe zingatheke zomwe zili mmenemo kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi ya turbine yamadzi, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphamvu yoyendetsera jenereta kuti ipange mphamvu zamagetsi. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya hydraulic (yokhala ndi mutu wamadzi) kuyendetsa makina ozungulira a hydraulic (turbine yamadzi), kusintha mphamvu yamadzi kukhala mphamvu yamakina. Ngati mtundu wina wa makina (jenereta) walumikizidwa ndi turbine yamadzi, imatha kupanga magetsi pamene turbine ikuzungulira, kenako nkusintha mphamvu yamakina kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Mwanjira ina, mphamvu yamadzi ndi njira yosinthira mphamvu zomwe zingatheke zamadzi kukhala mphamvu yamakina, kenako nkukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Chifukwa cha mphamvu yochepa yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi zomera zamagetsi, ngati iperekedwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito akutali, imafunika kukulitsidwa kudzera mu ma transformer, kenako nkupita ku malo osungiramo zinthu m'malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito kudzera mu mizere yotumizira mpweya, potsiriza kuchepetsedwa kukhala voltage yoyenera ogwiritsa ntchito m'nyumba ndi zida zamagetsi za fakitale, kenako nkupita ku mafakitale ndi mabanja osiyanasiyana kudzera mu mizere yogawa. 2、 Mfundo yaikulu yopangira mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuchepa kwa madzi kuti agwirizane ndi jenereta yamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi kuti apange mphamvu, kutanthauza kuti, kusintha mphamvu ya madzi kukhala mphamvu yamakina ya turbine ya hydraulic, kenako kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamakina kuyendetsa jenereta kuti ipeze mphamvu zamagetsi. Asayansi agwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu zachilengedwe monga flow engineering ndi mechanical physics pogwiritsa ntchito kuchepa kwa madzi. Ndipo amagwirizanitsidwa mosamala kuti akwaniritse kupanga mphamvu zapamwamba kwambiri kuti anthu agwiritse ntchito magetsi otsika mtengo komanso opanda kuipitsa. Madzi otsika, kumbali ina, amayamwa kuwala kwa dzuwa ndikuzungulira pa Earth Friday, potero amabwezeretsa madzi ambiri.
Pakadali pano, kukula kwa mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi kumasiyana kuyambira makumi angapo a ma watts omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera akumidzi a Dziko Lachitatu mpaka mamiliyoni angapo a ma watts omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka mphamvu m'mizinda ikuluikulu. 3. Mitundu yayikulu imagawidwa motsatira kutsika kwakukulu, kuphatikiza malo opangira magetsi amadzi amtundu wa damu, malo opangira magetsi amadzi amtundu wa diversion, malo opangira magetsi amadzi osakanikirana, malo opangira magetsi amadzi oyenda pansi, ndi malo osungira magetsi opompedwa. Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa malamulo oyendetsera madzi, kaya pali malo opangira magetsi amadzi olamulira kapena ayi. Kutengera mtundu wa gwero la madzi, nthawi zambiri limatchedwa malo opangira magetsi amadzi okhazikika, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mitsinje yachilengedwe, nyanja, ndi magwero ena amadzi kuti apange magetsi. Malo opangira magetsi amadzi amatha kugawidwa m'magawo aatali (opitilira mamita 70), apakati (mamita 15-70), ndi otsika (osakwana mamita 15) kutengera mutu wawo wogwiritsidwa ntchito. Kutengera mphamvu yokhazikika ya malo opangira magetsi amadzi, amatha kugawidwa m'magawo akuluakulu, apakati, ndi ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi amadzi. Kawirikawiri, malo operekera magetsi ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi mphamvu yochepera ma kilowatts 5000 amatchedwa malo operekera magetsi ang'onoang'ono, omwe ali ndi mphamvu yokhazikika pakati pa ma kilowatts 5000 ndi 100000 amatchedwa malo operekera magetsi apakatikati, ndipo omwe ali ndi mphamvu yokhazikika yoposa ma kilowatts 100000 amatchedwa malo operekera magetsi akuluakulu kapena malo operekera magetsi akuluakulu. 4, Advantage hydropower ndi gwero lamphamvu lopanda madzi komanso lopanda mphamvu. Komabe, kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino mphamvu yamadzi yachilengedwe, ndikofunikira kupanga nyumba zama hydraulic zomwe zimatha kuyika madzi pansi ndikuyendetsa kayendedwe ka madzi, monga madamu, mapaipi osinthira, ndi ma culvert. Chifukwa chake, ndalama zomwe polojekitiyi imagwiritsa ntchito ndi zazikulu ndipo nthawi yomanga ndi yayitali. Koma kupanga magetsi amagetsi amadzi kumakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, mtengo wotsika wopanga magetsi, kuyambitsa mwachangu mayunitsi, komanso kusintha kosavuta. Chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito madzi achilengedwe, imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zachilengedwe. Mphamvu yamadzi nthawi zambiri imakhala gawo lofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito bwino madzi, kupanga njira yogwiritsira ntchito bwino madzi ndi zombo, ulimi wa nsomba, ulimi wothirira, kuwongolera kusefukira kwa madzi, zokopa alendo, ndi zina zotero. Mphamvu yamadzi ndi gwero la mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso zomwe sizikhudza chilengedwe. Kuwonjezera pa kupereka magetsi otsika mtengo, ilinso ndi ubwino wotsatira: kuwongolera kusefukira kwa madzi, kupereka madzi othirira, kukonza kuyenda kwa mitsinje, komanso kukonza mayendedwe, kupereka magetsi, komanso chuma m'derali, makamaka kukulitsa zokopa alendo ndi ulimi wa nsomba.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-26-2023
