Hydropower ndiukadaulo wasayansi womwe umaphunzira zaukadaulo ndi zachuma monga zomangamanga ndi kasamalidwe kaupangiri. Mphamvu yamadzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magetsi opangira magetsi ndi mphamvu yomwe imatha kusungidwa m'madzi. Kuti asinthe mphamvu yamadzi kukhala magetsi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malo opangira magetsi amayenera kumangidwa.
1. Chiyambi choyambirira: Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi yamadzi a mitsinje, nyanja, ndi zina zotero. Amakhala pamalo okwera kwambiri ndipo ali ndi mphamvu zomwe zingatheke, zimayenderera kumalo otsika kwambiri ndikusintha mphamvu zomwe zili mmenemo kukhala mphamvu ya kinetic ya turbine yamadzi, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphamvu yoyendetsa jenereta kuti apange mphamvu zamagetsi. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya hydraulic (yokhala ndi mutu wamadzi) kuyendetsa makina opangira ma hydraulic (turbine yamadzi), kutembenuza mphamvu yamadzi kukhala mphamvu yamakina. Ngati makina amtundu wina (jenereta) alumikizidwa ndi makina opangira madzi, amatha kupanga magetsi ngati makinawo amazungulira, kenako amasintha mphamvu zamakina kukhala mphamvu zamagetsi. Mwanjira ina, mphamvu ya hydropower ndi njira yosinthira mphamvu yamadzi kukhala mphamvu yamakina, kenako kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Chifukwa cha magetsi otsika opangidwa ndi magetsi opangira magetsi a hydropower, ngati akuyenera kuperekedwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito akutali, amayenera kukulitsidwa kudzera pa thiransifoma, kenako amatumizidwa kumadera okhudzidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito kudzera m'mizere yotumizira mpweya, potsirizira pake amachepetsedwa kukhala voteji yoyenera kwa ogwiritsa ntchito apanyumba ndi zida zamagetsi za fakitale, kenako zimaperekedwa kumafakitale osiyanasiyana ndi mabanja kudzera m'mizere yogawa. 2, Mfundo yaikulu ya mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito dontho la madzi kuti ligwirizane ndi jenereta yamagetsi opangira magetsi, ndiko kuti, kutembenuza mphamvu yamadzi mu mphamvu yamakina a hydraulic turbine, ndiyeno gwiritsani ntchito mphamvu yamakina kuyendetsa jenereta kuti mupeze mphamvu zamagetsi. Asayansi agwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu zachilengedwe monga ma flow engineering ndi mechanical physics pogwiritsa ntchito madzi akutsika. Ndipo amafananizidwa mosamala kuti akwaniritse mphamvu zopangira magetsi apamwamba kwambiri kuti anthu agwiritse ntchito magetsi otsika mtengo komanso opanda zowononga. Madzi otsika, komano, amatenga kuwala kwa dzuwa ndikuzungulira Lachisanu Lapansi, motero amabwezeretsa magwero amadzi apamwamba.
Pakalipano, kukula kwa magetsi opangira magetsi kumachokera ku ma watts makumi angapo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumidzi ya Third World kufika ma watts mamiliyoni angapo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira magetsi m'mizinda ikuluikulu. 3. Mitundu ikuluikulu imayikidwa m'magulu otsika kwambiri, kuphatikiza malo opangira magetsi amtundu wa madamu, malo opangira magetsi amtundu wa diversion, malo opangira magetsi osakanizidwa ndi madzi, malo opangira magetsi ochulukirapo, ndi malo opangira magetsi opopera. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa kayendetsedwe ka madzi, kaya pali malo owongolera magetsi opangira mphamvu yamadzi kapena ayi. Malinga ndi momwe madzi amachokera, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mitsinje, nyanja, ndi magwero ena amadzi kuti apange magetsi. Malo opangira magetsi a Hydropower atha kugawidwa m'magawo apamwamba (opitilira 70 metres), mutu wapakatikati (mamita 15-70), ndi mitu yotsika (pansi pa 15 metres) potengera mutu wawo wogwiritsa ntchito. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi, amatha kugawidwa m'malo akulu, apakati, komanso masiteshoni ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi. Nthawi zambiri, malo ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi opangira magetsi opangira madzi ochepera 5000 kilowatts amatchedwa ma hydropower station ang'onoang'ono, omwe ali ndi mphamvu yoyikapo pakati pa 5000 ndi 100000 kilowatts amatchedwa medium hydropower station, ndipo omwe ali ndi mphamvu yoyikapo ma kilowatts opitilira 100000 amatchedwa ma hydropower station kapena ma gisant. 4, Advantage hydropower ndi gwero lamphamvu losatha komanso longowonjezedwanso. Komabe, kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino mphamvu yamadzi achilengedwe, ndikofunikira kupanga pamanja ma hydraulic ma hydraulic omwe amatha kuyang'ana kwambiri kutsika kwamadzi ndikuwongolera kuyenda, monga madamu, mapaipi opatutsira, ndi ma culverts. Choncho, ndalama za polojekitiyi ndi zazikulu ndipo nthawi yomangamanga ndi yaitali. Koma kupangira magetsi a hydroelectric kumakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, mtengo wotsika wopangira magetsi, kuyambitsa mwachangu, komanso kusintha kosavuta. Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito madzi achilengedwe, zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chilengedwe. Mphamvu ya hydropower nthawi zambiri imakhala yofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsira ntchito madzi okwanira, kupanga njira yogwiritsira ntchito madzi ndi kutumiza, ulimi wamadzi, ulimi wothirira, kuwongolera kusefukira kwamadzi, zokopa alendo, ndi zina zambiri. Kuphatikiza pa kupereka magetsi otsika mtengo, ilinso ndi ubwino wotsatira: kulamulira kusefukira kwa madzi, kupereka madzi amthirira, kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka mitsinje, ndi kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka anthu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-26-2023
