Makampani opanga magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi, monga chitsulo chachikulu cha chuma cha dziko, akugwirizana kwambiri ndi chitukuko cha chuma cha dziko komanso kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka mafakitale. Pakadali pano, ntchito yonse yamakampani opanga magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi ku China ndi yokhazikika, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu yoyika magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi, kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu zopangira magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi, kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama zogulira magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi, komanso kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa kulembetsa kwa makampani okhudzana ndi magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi. Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa mfundo za dziko lonse za "kusunga mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa utsi", kusintha mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa utsi kwakhala chisankho chothandiza ku China, ndipo magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi akhala chisankho chodziwika bwino cha mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso.
Kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi ukadaulo wasayansi womwe umaphunzira nkhani zaukadaulo ndi zachuma za zomangamanga ndi ntchito zopangira zomwe zimasintha mphamvu zamadzi kukhala magetsi. Mphamvu yamadzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi makamaka ndi mphamvu zomwe zimasungidwa m'madzi. Kuti magetsi a madzi asinthe kukhala magetsi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malo opangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi iyenera kumangidwa.
Kukhazikitsa magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi kumaphatikizapo kumanga malo opangira magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi, kenako kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi. Makampani opanga magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi apakati amalumikiza magetsi ku makampani opanga magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi kuti akwaniritse kulumikizana kwa magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi. Ntchito yomanga malo opangira magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi imaphatikizapo upangiri woyambirira wa uinjiniya ndi kukonzekera, kugula zida zosiyanasiyana za malo opangira magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi, komanso kumanga komaliza. Mafakitale apakati ndi otsika ndi amodzi, okhala ndi kapangidwe kokhazikika.
Ndi kukwezedwa kwa kukula kwa chuma cha China, kusintha kwa mbali ya magetsi ndi kukonzanso zachuma, kusunga mphamvu, kuchepetsa utsi woipa, ndi kukula kwa zachilengedwe kwakhala mgwirizano wa chitukuko cha zachuma. Makampani opanga magetsi ochokera m'madzi alandira chidwi chachikulu kuchokera ku maboma onse komanso thandizo lalikulu kuchokera ku mfundo za mafakitale zadziko. Dzikoli lakhazikitsa mfundo zingapo motsatizana kuti lithandizire chitukuko cha makampani opanga magetsi ochokera m'madzi. Ndondomeko za mafakitale monga Ndondomeko Yoyendetsera Ntchito Yothetsera Vuto la Kutaya Madzi, Mphepo, ndi Kuwala, Chidziwitso Chokhazikitsa ndi Kukonza Njira Yotsimikizira Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Yobwezerezedwanso, ndi Ndondomeko Yoyendetsera Ntchito Yofalitsa Nkhani za Boma ya 2021 ya Unduna wa Zamadzi zapereka mwayi waukulu pamsika wamakampani opanga magetsi ochokera m'madzi komanso malo abwino opangira ndi kugwira ntchito kwa mabizinesi.
Kusanthula mozama kwa makampani opanga magetsi amadzi
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa makampani, m'zaka zaposachedwapa, mphamvu yamagetsi yoyikidwa ku China yakhala ikukwera chaka ndi chaka, kuchoka pa ma kilowatts 333 miliyoni mu 2016 kufika pa ma kilowatts 370 miliyoni mu 2020, ndi kukula kwa pachaka kwa 2.7%. Deta yaposachedwa ikuwonetsa kuti mu 2021, mphamvu yamagetsi yoyikidwa ku China inafika pafupifupi ma kilowatts 391 miliyoni (kuphatikiza ma kilowatts 36 miliyoni osungira madzi), kuwonjezeka kwa 5.6% pachaka.
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kuchuluka kwa makampani olembetsa okhudzana ndi magetsi amadzi ku China kwakula mofulumira, kuyambira mu 198000 mu 2016 kufika pa 539000 mu 2019, ndi kuchuluka kwapakati pa kukula kwa pachaka kwa 39.6%. Mu 2020, kuchuluka kwa makampani olembetsa okhudzana ndi magetsi amadzi kunachepa pang'onopang'ono. Deta yaposachedwa ikuwonetsa kuti mu 2021, panali makampani olembetsa okwana 483000 okhudzana ndi magetsi amadzi ku China, kuchepa kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa 7.3%.
Kuchokera pa kugawa mphamvu zomwe zayikidwa, kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2021, chigawo chomwe chinali ndi mphamvu zambiri zopangira magetsi ku China chinali Sichuan Province, yokhala ndi mphamvu zokwana ma kilowatts 88.87 miliyoni, kutsatiridwa ndi Yunnan yokhala ndi mphamvu zokwana ma kilowatts 78.2 miliyoni; Zigawo zomwe zili pa nambala yachiwiri mpaka khumi ndi Hubei, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Fujian, Zhejiang, ndi Qinghai, yokhala ndi mphamvu zokwana ma kilowatts 10 mpaka 40 miliyoni.
Malinga ndi momwe magetsi amagwirira ntchito, mu 2021, chigawo chomwe chinali ndi magetsi ambiri opangidwa ndi madzi ku China chinali Sichuan, chomwe chinali ndi magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi okwana maola 353.14 biliyoni, zomwe zinali 26.37%; Kachiwiri, mphamvu zamagetsi zopangidwa ndi madzi ku Yunnan zinali maola 271.63 biliyoni, zomwe zinali 20.29%; Apanso, mphamvu zamagetsi zopangidwa ndi madzi ku Hubei zinali maola 153.15 biliyoni, zomwe zinali 11.44%.
Malinga ndi mphamvu zomwe makampani opanga magetsi amadzi aku China ali nazo, Changjiang Power ndiye kampani yayikulu kwambiri pankhani ya mphamvu zomwe magetsi amadzi amayikidwa. Mu 2021, mphamvu zomwe magetsi amadzi amayikidwa ku Changjiang Power zinali zoposa 11% ya dzikolo, ndipo mphamvu zonse zomwe magetsi amadzi amayikidwa pansi pa magulu asanu akuluakulu opanga magetsi zinali pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a dzikolo; Malinga ndi mphamvu zopangira magetsi amadzi, mu 2021, gawo la mphamvu zamagetsi za Mtsinje wa Yangtze linapitirira 15%, ndipo mphamvu zamagetsi zamadzi pansi pa magulu asanu akuluakulu opanga magetsi zinali pafupifupi 20% ya dziko lonse. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa msika, kuchuluka kwa magulu asanu a mphamvu zamagetsi amadzi aku China ndi Yangtze River Power ndi pafupifupi theka la gawo la msika; Mphamvu zamagetsi zamadzi zimakhala zoposa 30% ya dzikolo, ndipo makampaniwa ali ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa mphamvu zamagetsi.
Malinga ndi "Lipoti Lofotokozera Zakuya za Kusanthula ndi Kukonza Mapempho ku China la 2022-2027" lochokera ku China Research Institute of Industry
Makampani opanga magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi ku China akulamulidwa kwambiri ndi mabungwe aboma. Kuwonjezera pa magulu asanu akuluakulu opanga magetsi, palinso mabizinesi ambiri abwino kwambiri opanga magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi ku China. Mabizinesi kunja kwa magulu asanu akuluakulu, omwe akuyimiridwa ndi Yangtze Power, ndi akuluakulu kwambiri pankhani ya mphamvu yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi madzi. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi opangidwa ndi madzi, mpikisano wamakampani opanga magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi ku China ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri, ndipo magulu asanu akuluakulu ndi Yangtze Power ali pamwamba.
Ziyembekezo za Kukula kwa Makampani Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mphamvu Zamagetsi
Poganizira za kutentha kwa dziko lapansi komanso kuchepa kwa mafuta opangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zakale, chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa zikuchulukirachulukira kuchokera ku mayiko apadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kupanga mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa mwamphamvu kwakhala mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko padziko lonse lapansi. Kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi gwero lamphamvu loyera komanso longowonjezwdwa lomwe lili ndi ukadaulo wokhwima womwe ungapangidwe pamlingo waukulu. Malo osungira mphamvu zamagetsi ku China ali pamwamba padziko lonse lapansi. Kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi si njira yofunikira yochepetsera mpweya woipa wowononga chilengedwe, komanso njira yofunika kwambiri yothetsera kusintha kwa nyengo, kulimbikitsa kusunga mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa utsi woipa, komanso kukwaniritsa chitukuko chokhazikika.
Pambuyo pa mibadwo ingapo ya kulimbana kosalekeza kwa ogwira ntchito zamagetsi, kusintha ndi kupanga zinthu zatsopano, komanso machitidwe olimba mtima, makampani opanga magetsi amadzi ku China afika pamlingo wapamwamba kuyambira ang'onoang'ono mpaka akulu, kuyambira ofooka mpaka amphamvu, komanso kuchokera pakutsatira ndi kutsogolera. Ndi chitukuko chachangu cha ukadaulo, mayunitsi osiyanasiyana amagetsi amadzi ndi ogwira ntchito ku China amadalira ukadaulo wamakono monga luntha lochita kupanga ndi deta yayikulu kuti atsimikizire bwino momwe zomangamanga zilili komanso chitetezo cha madamu.
Mu nthawi ya Dongosolo la Zaka Zisanu la 14, China idakhazikitsa nthawi yokwanira yokwaniritsira zolinga za carbon peak ndi carbon neutrelation, zomwe zidapangitsa mitundu yambiri ya mphamvu kumva mwayi ndi zovuta zomwe zikubwera nthawi imodzi. Monga choyimira mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso, mphamvu zamagetsi, pankhani ya nyengo yapadziko lonse komanso kuchepa kwa mphamvu, kufunikira kwa chitukuko chokhazikika chokonza kapangidwe ka mphamvu kudzapitiliza kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi.
Mtsogolomu, China iyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pa ukadaulo wofunikira monga kumanga mwanzeru, kugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru, ndi zida zanzeru zamagetsi amadzi, kulimbikitsa mwachangu kukweza makampani opanga magetsi amadzi, kulimbitsa, kukonza, ndikukulitsa mphamvu zoyera, kukulitsa chitukuko cha magetsi amadzi ndi mphamvu zatsopano, ndikupititsa patsogolo nthawi zonse kapangidwe kabwino ndi kasamalidwe ka malo opangira magetsi amadzi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-10-2023
