Makampani opanga magetsi opangira magetsi pamadzi, monga mzati wofunika kwambiri pazachuma cha dziko, akugwirizana kwambiri ndi chitukuko cha chuma cha dziko komanso kusintha kwa mafakitale. Pakali pano, ntchito yonse ya makampani opangira magetsi ku China ndi yokhazikika, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu zoyika mphamvu za hydropower, kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu zopangira magetsi opangira madzi, kuwonjezeka kwa ndalama zopangira mphamvu zamagetsi, komanso kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha kukula kwa mabizinesi okhudzana ndi mphamvu zamagetsi. Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndondomeko ya dziko ya "kusunga mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa mpweya", kusintha mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa utsi kwakhala chisankho chothandiza ku China, ndipo magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi ndi njira yabwino yopangira mphamvu zowonjezera.
Kupanga magetsi a Hydroelectric ndiukadaulo wasayansi womwe umaphunzira zaukadaulo ndi zachuma pakupanga uinjiniya ndi ntchito yopangira zomwe zimatembenuza mphamvu yamadzi kukhala magetsi. Mphamvu yamadzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magetsi opangira magetsi ndi mphamvu yomwe imatha kusungidwa m'madzi. Kuti akwaniritse kusintha kwa mphamvu yamadzi kukhala magetsi, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malo opangira magetsi amayenera kumangidwa.
Kukhazikitsa kwa mphamvu yamadzi kumaphatikizapo kumanga malo opangira magetsi amadzi, kenako ntchito yopangira mphamvu yamadzi. Makampani opanga magetsi opangira magetsi apakati amalumikiza magetsi kumakampani opanga magetsi otsika kuti athe kulumikizana ndi gridi. Ntchito yomanga malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi pamadzi ikuphatikizapo kufunsira ndi kukonza mapulani, kugula zida zosiyanasiyana zopangira malo opangira magetsi amadzi, komanso kumanga komaliza. Mapangidwe a mafakitale apakati ndi otsika ndi amodzi okha, okhala ndi dongosolo lokhazikika.
Ndi kulimbikitsa kukula kwachuma cha China, kusintha kwa gawo lazakudya ndi kukonzanso zachuma, kusungitsa mphamvu, kuchepetsa utsi ndi kukula kobiriwira kwakhala mgwirizano wachitukuko chachuma. Makampani opanga mphamvu zamadzi alandira chidwi chachikulu kuchokera ku maboma m'magulu onse komanso thandizo lalikulu kuchokera ku mfundo zamakampani zamayiko. Dzikoli lakhazikitsa ndondomeko zingapo motsatizana pofuna kuthandizira chitukuko cha mafakitale opangira mphamvu zamagetsi pamadzi. Ndondomeko zamafakitale monga Implementation Plan for Solving the Problem of Water, Wind, and Light Abandonment, Notice on Establishing and Improving the Renewable Energy Power Consumption Guarantee Mechanism, ndi Implementation Plan ya 2021 Government Affairs Publicity Work ya Unduna wa Zamadzi zapereka mwayi waukulu wamsika wopangira magetsi opangira magetsi.
Kusanthula mozama kwamakampani opanga mphamvu zamagetsi
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wamabizinesi, m'zaka zaposachedwa, mphamvu yopangira magetsi ku China yakhala ikuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka, kuchokera pa ma kilowati 333 miliyoni mu 2016 mpaka ma kilowatts 370 miliyoni mu 2020, ndikukula kwapachaka kwa 2.7%. Zomwe zaposachedwa zikuwonetsa kuti mu 2021, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi ku China kudafika pafupifupi ma kilowatts 391 miliyoni (kuphatikiza ma kilowatts 36 miliyoni a pompopompo), kuwonjezeka kwa 5.6% pachaka.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi okhudzana ndi mphamvu zamagetsi ku China kwakula kwambiri, kuchokera ku 198000 mu 2016 mpaka 539000 mu 2019, ndikukula kwapakati pachaka kwa 39.6%. Mu 2020, kukula kwa kalembera wamabizinesi okhudzana ndi mphamvu ya hydropower kudachepa ndikutsika. Zomwe zaposachedwa zikuwonetsa kuti mu 2021, panali mabizinesi 483000 okhudzana ndi mphamvu yamadzi ku China, kutsika kwachaka ndi 7.3%.
Kuchokera pakugawira mphamvu zoyikapo, pofika kumapeto kwa 2021, chigawo chomwe chili ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri yopangira magetsi ku China chinali Chigawo cha Sichuan, chokhala ndi mphamvu yoyika ma kilowatts miliyoni 88.87, ndikutsatiridwa ndi Yunnan yokhala ndi mphamvu yoyika ma kilowatts miliyoni 78.2; Zigawo zomwe zili pa nambala yachiwiri mpaka khumi ndi Hubei, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Fujian, Zhejiang, ndi Qinghai, zokhala ndi mphamvu zoyambira pa 10 mpaka 40 miliyoni.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro opangira magetsi, mu 2021, dera lomwe lili ndi mphamvu zopangira magetsi kwambiri ku China linali Sichuan, lomwe lili ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ya maola 353.14 biliyoni ya kilowatt, yowerengera 26.37%; Kachiwiri, mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi m'chigawo cha Yunnan ndi maola 271.63 biliyoni kilowatt, zomwe zimawerengera 20.29%; Apanso, mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi m'chigawo cha Hubei ndi maola 153.15 biliyoni kilowatt, zomwe zimawerengera 11.44%.
Malinga ndi mphamvu yoyikapo yamakampani opanga magetsi aku China, Changjiang Power ndiye bizinesi yayikulu kwambiri potengera mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamunthu. Mu 2021, Changjiang Mphamvu ya hydropower anaika mphamvu anachititsa oposa 11% ya dziko, ndi okwana anaika mphamvu ya hydropower pansi pa magulu asanu akuluakulu mphamvu zopangira mphamvu ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a dziko; Malinga ndi momwe magetsi amapangira magetsi amadzi, mu 2021, gawo lamagetsi opangira magetsi a Mtsinje wa Yangtze lidapitilira 15%, ndipo mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi zomwe zidapangidwa pansi pamagulu akuluakulu asanu opangira magetsi zidatenga pafupifupi 20% ya dziko lonse. Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa msika, magulu asanu amphamvu amagetsi opangidwa ndi madzi aku China ndi Yangtze River Power ali pafupi ndi theka la gawo la msika; Mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi za Hydropower zimapitilira 30% ya dzikolo, ndipo makampaniwa ali ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu.
Malinga ndi "2022-2027 China Hydroelectric Power Industry Deep Analysis and Development Prospects Prediction Report" yolembedwa ndi China Research Institute of Industry.
Makampani aku China opangira mphamvu zamagetsi amayendetsedwa ndi maboma omwe ali ndi boma. Kuphatikiza pa magulu asanu opangira mphamvu zamagetsi, palinso mabizinesi abwino kwambiri opanga magetsi mubizinesi yaku China yopangira mphamvu zamagetsi. Mabizinesi akunja kwa magulu asanu akuluakulu, oimiridwa ndi Yangtze Power, ndiakulu kwambiri potengera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yapamadzi. Malinga ndi gawo la mphamvu yoyika mphamvu ya hydropower, mpikisano wamakampani opanga magetsi aku China ukhoza kugawidwa m'ma echelons awiri, magulu asanu akuluakulu ndi Yangtze Power woyamba.
Chiyembekezo cha Chitukuko cha Makampani a Mphamvu za Hydroelectric
Potsutsana ndi kusintha kwa kutentha kwa dziko komanso kuchepa kwa mafuta oyaka, chitukuko ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mphamvu zowonjezereka zikulandira chidwi kuchokera ku mayiko a mayiko, komanso kupanga mwamphamvu mphamvu zowonjezereka kwakhala mgwirizano pakati pa mayiko padziko lonse lapansi. Kupanga magetsi a hydroelectric ndi gwero lamphamvu loyera komanso losinthika lomwe lili ndi ukadaulo wokhwima womwe ungathe kupangidwa pamlingo waukulu. Malo osungiramo magetsi opangira magetsi ku China ali oyamba padziko lonse lapansi. Kupanga mwamphamvu mphamvu yamadzi si njira yokhayo yofunikira yochepetsera mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, komanso njira yofunikira yothetsera kusintha kwa nyengo, kulimbikitsa kusunga mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa umuna, ndikupeza chitukuko chokhazikika.
Pambuyo pa mibadwo ingapo ya kulimbana kosalekeza kwa ogwira ntchito yopangira magetsi opangira madzi, kukonzanso ndi kuchita zinthu zatsopano, komanso kuchita zinthu molimba mtima, makampani opanga mphamvu zamadzi ku China apeza mbiri yabwino kuyambira ang'onoang'ono mpaka akulu, kuyambira ofooka mpaka amphamvu, komanso kutsatira ndi kutsogolera. Ndi chitukuko chofulumira chaukadaulo, magawo osiyanasiyana amagetsi opangira madzi ndi ogwira ntchito ku China amadalira ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri monga luntha lochita kupanga komanso chidziwitso chachikulu kuti zitsimikizire bwino ntchito yomanga ndi chitetezo cha madamu.
M'nthawi ya 14th Year Plan Plan, dziko la China lidatanthauzira nthawi yokwanira kukwaniritsa zolinga za carbon peaking ndi carbon, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti mitundu yambiri ya mphamvu imve mwayi ndi zovuta zomwe zikubwera nthawi imodzi. Monga nthumwi ya mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso, mphamvu ya hydropower, malinga ndi nyengo yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kuchepa kwa mphamvu, kufunikira kwachitukuko chokhazikika pakukulitsa mphamvu yamagetsi kupitilira kuyendetsa chitukuko cha mphamvu zamagetsi.
M'tsogolomu, China ayenera kuganizira umisiri kiyi monga yomanga wanzeru, ntchito wanzeru, ndi zida wanzeru wa hydropower, mwachangu kulimbikitsa kukweza kwa makampani hydropower, kulimbikitsa, konza, ndi kukulitsa mphamvu woyera, kuonjezera chitukuko cha hydropower ndi mphamvu zatsopano, ndi mosalekeza kusintha mlingo wa zomangamanga wanzeru ndi kasamalidwe ntchito masiteshoni magetsi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-10-2023
