Mitsinje imayenda makilomita masauzande ambiri, yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Kukula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamadzi achilengedwe kukhala magetsi kumatchedwa mphamvu yamadzi. Zinthu ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimapanga mphamvu yamadzimadzi ndi kuyenda ndi mutu. Kuyenda kwake kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mtsinjewo, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yogwiritsira ntchito mwachindunji madzi a mtsinjewo kudzakhala kochepa kwambiri, chifukwa sizingatheke kudzaza gawo lonse la mtsinjewo ndi ma turbine amadzi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi a hydraulic kumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zomwe zingatheke, ndipo payenera kukhala kuchepa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zomwe zingatheke. Komabe, kugwa kwachilengedwe kwa mitsinje nthawi zambiri kumachitika pang'onopang'ono m'mphepete mwa mtsinje, ndipo mkati mwa mtunda waufupi, kugwa kwachilengedwe kwa madzi kumakhala kochepa. Njira zoyenera zogwirira ntchito ziyenera kutengedwa kuti ziwonjezere kugwa, komwe ndiko kuyika madzi achilengedwe omwazikana kuti apange mutu wamadzi wogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ubwino wa magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi
1. Kukonzanso mphamvu ya madzi
Mphamvu ya madzi imachokera ku madzi achilengedwe otuluka mumtsinje, omwe amapangidwa makamaka ndi mpweya wachilengedwe ndi kuyenda kwa madzi. Kuyenda kwa madzi kumathandiza kuti mphamvu ya madzi ibwezeretsedwenso ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito, motero mphamvu ya madzi imatchedwa "mphamvu yongowonjezedwenso". "Mphamvu yongowonjezedwenso" ili ndi udindo wapadera pakupanga mphamvu.
2. Madzi angagwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira
Mphamvu yamagetsi yamadzi imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zomwe zili m'madzi okha ndipo sizimadya madzi. Chifukwa chake, madzi angagwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira, ndipo kuwonjezera pa kupanga magetsi, amatha kupindula nthawi imodzi ndi kuchepetsa kusefukira kwa madzi, kuthirira, kutumiza katundu, kupereka madzi, ulimi wa m'madzi, zokopa alendo, ndi zina zotero, ndikuchita chitukuko cha zolinga zosiyanasiyana.
3. Kulamulira mphamvu ya madzi
Mphamvu yamagetsi siingasungidwe, ndipo kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kumachitika nthawi imodzi. Mphamvu yamadzi imatha kusungidwa m'mabotolo, omwe amapangidwa malinga ndi zofunikira za makina amagetsi. Mabotolowa amagwira ntchito ngati malo osungiramo mphamvu zamagetsi a makina amagetsi. Kuwongolera mabotolo kumawongolera kuthekera kwa makina amagetsi kuwongolera katundu, ndikuwonjezera kudalirika ndi kusinthasintha kwa magetsi.
4. Kusinthika kwa kupanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi
Turbine yamadzi yomwe imatsogolera madzi kuchokera pamalo okwera kupita pamalo otsika imatha kupanga magetsi ndikusintha mphamvu yamadzi kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi; Kenako, madzi omwe ali m'malo otsika amatengedwa ndi mapampu amagetsi ndikutumizidwa ku malo osungiramo madzi omwe ali m'malo okwera kuti asungidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi ikhale mphamvu yamadzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito kusinthika kwa kupanga mphamvu yamadzi pomanga malo osungiramo magetsi opompedwa kuli ndi gawo lapadera pakukweza mphamvu yolamulira katundu wa makina amagetsi.
5. Kusinthasintha kwa ntchito ya chipangizocho
Mayunitsi opanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ali ndi zida zosavuta, zogwira ntchito mosavuta komanso zodalirika, ndipo ndi osavuta kuwonjezera kapena kuchepetsa katundu. Amatha kuyatsidwa mwachangu kapena kuyimitsidwa malinga ndi zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito, ndipo ndi osavuta kuchita okha. Ndi oyenera kwambiri kugwira ntchito zometa tsitsi ndi kusintha pafupipafupi kwa makina amagetsi, komanso kugwira ntchito ngati nthawi yoyimirira mwadzidzidzi, kusintha katundu, ndi ntchito zina. Amatha kuwonjezera kudalirika kwa makina amagetsi, ndi maubwino abwino kwambiri. Malo opangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi omwe amanyamula katundu wosinthasintha mumakina amagetsi.
6. Mtengo wotsika komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi
Mphamvu yamagetsi yamadzi siigwiritsa ntchito mafuta, ndipo siifuna anthu ambiri ogwira ntchito ndi malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito ndi kunyamula mafuta. Zipangizozi ndi zosavuta, ndi ogwiritsa ntchito ochepa, mphamvu yothandizira yochepa, nthawi yayitali yogwiritsira ntchito zida, komanso ndalama zochepa zogwirira ntchito ndi kukonza. Chifukwa chake, mtengo wopangira mphamvu yamagetsi ya malo opangira magetsi amadzi ndi wotsika, ndi 1/5 mpaka 1/8 yokha ya yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa malo opangira magetsi amadzi. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa malo opangira magetsi amadzi ndi kwakukulu, kufika pa 85%, pomwe mphamvu ya malo opangira magetsi amadzi ndi pafupifupi 40%.
7. Ndi zothandiza pakukonza chilengedwe
Kupanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi sikudetsa chilengedwe. Malo akuluakulu a madzi pamwamba pa dziwe amawongolera nyengo ya dera komanso kufalikira kwa madzi nthawi ndi malo, zomwe zimathandiza kukonza chilengedwe cha madera ozungulira. Pa malo opangira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito malasha, tani iliyonse ya malasha osaphika imafunika kutulutsa pafupifupi 30kg ya SO2, ndipo fumbi loposa 30kg limatuluka. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za malo opangira magetsi akuluakulu ndi apakatikati 50 padziko lonse lapansi, 90% ya malo opangira magetsi amatulutsa SO2 yokhala ndi kuchuluka kopitilira 860mg/m3, komwe ndi kuipitsa kwakukulu. Masiku ano pomwe chidwi chikuchulukirachulukira pa nkhani zachilengedwe, kufulumizitsa ntchito yomanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ku China ndikofunikira kwambiri pochepetsa kuipitsa chilengedwe.
Zoyipa za magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi
Ndalama zambiri zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito kamodzi kokha - ntchito yaikulu yomanga malo opangira magetsi; Kuphatikiza apo, izi zipangitsa kuti kusefukira kwa madzi kuwonongeke kwambiri ndipo kumafuna ndalama zambiri zosinthira malo; Nthawi yomanga ndi yayitali kuposa yomanga malo opangira magetsi, zomwe zimakhudza ndalama zomangira. Ngakhale ndalama zina zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mapulojekiti osamalira madzi zikugawidwa ndi madipatimenti osiyanasiyana opindula, ndalama zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kilowatt imodzi ya magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi ndi zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa za mphamvu yotenthetsera. Komabe, m'ntchito zamtsogolo, ndalama zomwe zasungidwa pachaka zidzachepetsedwa chaka ndi chaka. Nthawi yolipira ndalama zambiri zomwe zingaloledwe ikugwirizana ndi mulingo wa chitukuko cha dzikolo komanso mfundo za mphamvu. Ngati nthawi yolipira ndalama ili yocheperapo kuposa mtengo wololedwa, zimaonedwa kuti ndizoyenera kuwonjezera mphamvu zomwe zayikidwa pa malo opangira magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi.
Kuopsa kwa kulephera – Chifukwa cha kusefukira kwa madzi, madamu amatseka madzi ambiri, masoka achilengedwe, kuwonongeka kochitidwa ndi anthu, komanso ubwino wa zomangamanga, zomwe zingakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoopsa kwambiri m'madera omwe ali pansi pa mtsinje ndi zomangamanga. Kulephera kotereku kungakhudze magetsi, nyama ndi zomera, komanso kungayambitse kutayika kwakukulu ndi kuvulala.
Kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe - Madamu akuluakulu amadzi amachititsa kuti madzi asefukire kwambiri m'mphepete mwa madamu, nthawi zina kuwononga malo otsika, nkhalango za m'zigwa, ndi malo odyetserako udzu. Nthawi yomweyo, zimakhudzanso zachilengedwe zam'madzi zozungulira chomera. Zimakhudza kwambiri nsomba, mbalame zam'madzi, ndi nyama zina.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-03-2023
