Mitsinje ikuyenda mtunda wa makilomita zikwi zambiri, yokhala ndi mphamvu zazikulu. Kupanga ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mphamvu yamadzi achilengedwe kukhala magetsi kumatchedwa hydropower. Zinthu ziwiri zofunika zomwe zimapanga mphamvu ya hydraulic ndikuyenda ndi mutu. Kuthamanga kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mtsinje wokhawokha, ndipo mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya kinetic yogwiritsira ntchito mwachindunji madzi amtsinjewo idzakhala yochepa kwambiri, chifukwa n'zosatheka kudzaza gawo lonse la mtsinjewo ndi makina opangira madzi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma hydraulic makamaka kumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zomwe zingatheke, ndipo payenera kukhala kuchepa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zomwe zingatheke. Komabe, kugwa kwachilengedwe kwa mitsinje kumachitika pang'onopang'ono m'mphepete mwa mtsinjewo, ndipo pakangopita mtunda waufupi, kugwa kwachilengedwe kwa madzi kumakhala kochepa. Njira zoyenera zaumisiri ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti ziwonjezeke mopanda kugwa, komwe ndiko kuyika kugwa kwachilengedwe komwe kunabalalika kupanga mutu wamadzi wogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ubwino wa hydropower
1. Kusinthika kwa mphamvu ya madzi
Mphamvu yamadzi imachokera kumtsinje wachilengedwe, womwe umapangidwa makamaka ndi mpweya wachilengedwe ndi kayendedwe ka madzi. Kuzungulira kwa madzi kumapangitsa kuti mphamvu za madzi zibwezeretsedwe ndikugwiritsidwanso ntchito, choncho mphamvu yamadzi imatchedwa "mphamvu yowonjezereka". "Mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa" zili ndi malo apadera pakupanga mphamvu.
2. Madzi atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira
Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yokhayo yomwe imayenda m'madzi ndipo sagwiritsa ntchito madzi. Choncho, madzi angagwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira, ndipo kuwonjezera pa kupanga magetsi, amatha kupindula nthawi imodzi ndikuwongolera kusefukira kwa madzi, ulimi wothirira, kutumiza, kutumiza madzi, ulimi wamadzi, zokopa alendo, ndi zina, ndikupanga chitukuko cha zolinga zambiri.
3. Kuwongolera mphamvu yamadzi
Mphamvu zamagetsi sizingasungidwe, ndipo kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kumatsirizidwa nthawi imodzi. Mphamvu yamadzi imatha kusungidwa m'malo osungira, omwe amapangidwa molingana ndi zofunikira zamagetsi. Ma reservoirs amakhala ngati malo osungiramo mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi. Kuwongolera kwa ma reservoirs kumapangitsa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi izitha kuwongolera katundu, ndikuwonjezera kudalirika komanso kusinthasintha kwamagetsi.
4. Kubwereranso kwa hydropower kupanga
Makina opangira madzi omwe amawongolera madzi kuchokera pamalo okwera kupita kumalo otsika amatha kupanga magetsi ndikusintha mphamvu zamadzi kukhala mphamvu zamagetsi; Momwemonso, matupi amadzi omwe ali m'munsimu amatengedwa ndi mapampu amagetsi ndipo amatumizidwa kumalo osungira malo omwe ali pamwamba kuti asungidwe, kutembenuza mphamvu yamagetsi kukhala mphamvu yamadzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito kusinthika kwa kupanga magetsi a hydropower kuti kumange malo osungira magetsi opopera kuli ndi gawo lapadera pakuwongolera kuthekera kwa kayendetsedwe ka magetsi.
5. Kusinthasintha kwa ntchito ya unit
Magawo opangira mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi ali ndi zida zosavuta, zosinthika komanso zodalirika, ndipo ndizosavuta kuwonjezera kapena kuchepetsa katundu. Zitha kuyambika mwachangu kapena kuyimitsidwa molingana ndi zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito, ndipo ndizosavuta kuzikwaniritsa. Ndioyenera kwambiri kumeta peak ndi ntchito zosinthira pafupipafupi pamakina amagetsi, komanso kukhala ngati kuyimitsidwa mwadzidzidzi, kusintha katundu, ndi ntchito zina. Iwo akhoza kuonjezera kudalirika kwa mphamvu yamagetsi, ndi phindu lapadera lamphamvu. Malo opangira magetsi a hydroelectric ndi omwe amanyamula katundu wamphamvu mumagetsi.
6. Kutsika mtengo komanso kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri kwa hydropower kupanga
Mphamvu ya Hydropower simadya mafuta, ndipo sifunikira kuchuluka kwa anthu ogwira ntchito komanso malo omwe amaperekedwa pakugwiritsa ntchito ndi kuyendetsa mafuta. Zidazi ndi zosavuta, zokhala ndi ogwira ntchito ochepa, mphamvu zochepa zothandizira, moyo wautali wautumiki wa zipangizo, komanso ndalama zochepa zogwiritsira ntchito ndi kukonza. Chifukwa chake, mtengo wopangira mphamvu yamagetsi m'malo opangira magetsi ndi wotsika, 1/5 mpaka 1/8 yokha ya malo opangira magetsi opangira mafuta. Kuonjezera apo, mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu m'malo opangira magetsi amadzi ndi yokwera, kufika kupitirira 85%, pamene malo opangira magetsi opangira mafuta ndi pafupifupi 40%.
7. Ndikoyenera kuwongolera chilengedwe
Kupanga magetsi amadzi sikuwononga chilengedwe. Dera lalikulu lamadzi am'madzi amadzimadzi amawongolera microclimate m'derali komanso kugawa kwakanthawi komanso kwapang'onopang'ono kwa madzi oyenda, zomwe zimathandizira kukonza chilengedwe cha madera ozungulira. Kwa mafakitale opangira malasha, tani iliyonse ya malasha aiwisi iyenera kutulutsa pafupifupi 30kg ya SO2, ndipo fumbi lopitilira 30kg limatulutsidwa. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za 50 zazikulu ndi zazing'ono zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi m'dziko lonselo, 90% ya magetsi amatulutsa SO2 ndi ndende yoposa 860mg/m3, yomwe ndi kuipitsa kwakukulu kwambiri. M'dziko lamasiku ano lomwe chidwi chochulukirapo chikuperekedwa kuzinthu zachilengedwe, kufulumizitsa ntchito yomanga magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi komanso kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi ku China ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe.
Kuipa kwa hydropower
Ndalama zazikulu zanthawi imodzi - ntchito zazikulu za nthaka ndi konkriti pomanga malo opangira mphamvu zamagetsi; Kuphatikiza apo, izi zibweretsa kuwonongeka kwa kusefukira kwamadzi ndipo zimafuna kuti zilipire ndalama zambiri zokhazikitsira anthu; Nthawi yomanganso ndi yayitali kuposa yomanga nyumba zopangira magetsi otenthetsera, zomwe zimakhudza kusintha kwa ndalama zomanga. Ngakhale ndalama zina zamapulojekiti osungira madzi zikugawidwa ndi madipatimenti osiyanasiyana opindula, ndalama za hydropower pa kilowatt imodzi ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa mphamvu yamafuta. Komabe, m'ntchito zamtsogolo, ndalama zomwe zimasungidwa pachaka zimachepetsedwa chaka ndi chaka. Nthawi yokwanira yolipira chipukuta misozi ikukhudzana ndi gawo lachitukuko cha dziko komanso mfundo zamphamvu. Ngati nthawi ya chipukuta misozi ndi yochepa kuposa mtengo wololeka, zimaonedwa kuti n'zomveka kuonjezera mphamvu yoyikidwa pa siteshoni ya hydropower.
Kuopsa kwa kulephera - Chifukwa cha kusefukira kwa madzi, madamu amatseka madzi ambiri, masoka achilengedwe, kuwonongeka kwa anthu, ndi khalidwe la zomangamanga, zomwe zingakhale ndi zotsatira zoopsa kumadera akumunsi ndi zomangamanga. Kulephera kotereku kungakhudze magetsi, nyama ndi zomera, komanso kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu ndi kuvulala.
Kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe - Malo osungiramo madzi akuluakulu amachititsa kusefukira kwa madzi kumtunda kwa madamu, nthawi zina kuwononga malo otsika, nkhalango za m'zigwa, ndi udzu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zidzakhudzanso chilengedwe cha m'madzi chozungulira chomeracho. Zimakhudza kwambiri nsomba, mbalame zam'madzi, ndi nyama zina.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-03-2023
