Ubwino wa hydropower
1. Kusinthika kwa mphamvu ya madzi
Mphamvu yamadzi imachokera kumtsinje wachilengedwe, womwe umapangidwa makamaka ndi mpweya wachilengedwe ndi kayendedwe ka madzi. Kuzungulira kwa madzi kumapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya madzi ikhale yowonjezereka komanso yowonjezeredwa, choncho mphamvu yamadzi imatchedwa "mphamvu yowonjezereka". "Mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa" zili ndi malo apadera pakupanga mphamvu.
2. Madzi atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira
Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zomwe zili mumayendedwe amadzi okha ndipo sawononga madzi. Choncho, madzi amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira. Kuphatikiza pa kupanga magetsi, amathanso kupindula ndi kuwongolera kusefukira kwamadzi, kuthirira, kutumiza, kutumiza madzi, ulimi wamadzi, zokopa alendo ndi zina, ndikupanga chitukuko chambiri.
3. Kuwongolera mphamvu yamadzi
Mphamvu zamagetsi sizingasungidwe, ndipo kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kumatsirizidwa nthawi imodzi. Mphamvu yamadzi imatha kusungidwa m'malo osungira, omwe amapangidwa molingana ndi zofunikira zamagetsi. Malo osungiramo madzi akufanana ndi malo osungiramo mphamvu zosungiramo mphamvu zamagetsi. Kuwongolera posungirako kumapangitsa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi ikhale yowonjezereka, ndikuwonjezera kudalirika ndi kusinthasintha kwa magetsi.
4. Kubwereranso kwa hydropower kupanga
Madzi pamalo okwera amatha kutsogozedwa ku turbine yamadzi pamalo otsika kuti apange mphamvu, ndipo mphamvu yamadzi imatha kusinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi; Kumbali ina, thupi lamadzi lomwe lili m'munsimu lidzatenga mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi amagetsi kudzera pa mpope wamagetsi ndikutumiza kumalo osungiramo madzi pamtunda wapamwamba kuti asungidwe, zomwe zidzasintha mphamvu yamagetsi kukhala mphamvu yamadzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito kusinthika kwa mphamvu ya hydropower pomanga malo opangira magetsi opopera kuli ndi gawo lapadera pakuwongolera kuchuluka kwa kayendetsedwe ka mphamvu zamagetsi.
5. Kusinthasintha kwa ntchito ya unit
Zida zamagawo zopangira mphamvu ya hydropower ndizosavuta, zosinthika komanso zodalirika, ndipo ndizosavuta kuwonjezera kapena kuchepetsa katundu. Itha kuyambika mwachangu kapena kuyimitsidwa molingana ndi zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito, ndipo ndiyosavuta kuzindikira makinawo. Ndikoyenera kwambiri kuchita ntchito zometa kwambiri komanso kusinthasintha pafupipafupi kwamagetsi, komanso kuyimilira kwadzidzidzi, kusintha kwa katundu ndi ntchito zina, zomwe zitha kukulitsa kudalirika kwa dongosolo lamagetsi, ndi zopindulitsa zazikulu. Malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi ndi omwe amanyamula katundu wamagetsi amagetsi.
6. Kutsika mtengo komanso kuyendetsa bwino kwambiri kwa hydropower kupanga
Kupanga magetsi a hydroelectric sikuwononga mafuta ndipo sikufuna kuti anthu ambiri azigwira ntchito ndi malo opangira migodi ndi kunyamula mafuta. Zipangizozi ndi zosavuta, zokhala ndi ogwiritsira ntchito ochepa, mphamvu zochepa zothandizira, moyo wautali wautumiki wa zipangizo, komanso ndalama zochepa zogwiritsira ntchito ndi kukonza. Chifukwa chake, mtengo wamagetsi opangira magetsi opangira magetsi amadzi ndi wotsika, 1/5 ~ 1/8 yokha ya malo opangira magetsi otenthetsera, ndipo mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi pamalo opangira magetsi amadzi ndi yokwera, mpaka 85%, pomwe mphamvu ya malasha yamalo opangira magetsi ndi pafupifupi 40%.
7. Ndikoyenera kuwongolera chilengedwe
Kupanga magetsi amadzi sikuwononga chilengedwe. Dera lalikulu lamadzi am'malo osungiramo madzi limawongolera microclimate m'derali, limasintha kagawidwe kakanthawi komanso kagawo ka madzi oyenda, ndipo limathandizira kukonza chilengedwe cha madera ozungulira. Komabe, magetsi opangira malasha amayenera kutulutsa pafupifupi 30Kg ya SO2 pa tani ya malasha aiwisi, ndi kupitilira 30Kg ya fumbi. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za 50 zazikulu ndi zazing'ono zamagetsi zopangira malasha m'dzikoli, 90% ya magetsi amatulutsa kuposa 860mg / m3 ya SO2, yomwe ndi yoopsa kwambiri. Masiku ano, anthu ambiri akuganizira kwambiri za mavuto a chilengedwe padziko lonse. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kufulumizitsa ntchito yomanga magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi komanso kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi ku China kuti tichepetse kuwononga chilengedwe.
Kuipa kwa hydropower
Ndalama zazikulu zanthawi imodzi - ntchito zazikulu za nthaka ndi konkriti pomanga malo opangira mphamvu zamagetsi; Kuonjezera apo, izi zidzabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa madzi osefukira, ndipo ndalama zambiri zokhazikitsira anthu zikuyenera kulipidwa; Nthawi yomanganso ndi yayitali kuposa yopangira magetsi otenthetsera, zomwe zimakhudza kubweza ndalama zomanga. Ngakhale ndalama zina zamapulojekiti osungira madzi zimagawidwa ndi madipatimenti opindula, ndalama za hydropower pa kilowatt imodzi ndizokwera kwambiri kuposa mphamvu yamafuta. Komabe, m'ntchito yamtsogolo, ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka zidzalipidwa chaka ndi chaka. Nthawi yokwanira yolipirira chipukuta misozi ikukhudzana ndi gawo lachitukuko cha dziko ndi ndondomeko ya mphamvu. Ngati nthawi ya chipukuta misozi ndi yochepa kuposa mtengo wovomerezeka, ndizomveka kuonjezera mphamvu yoyikapo pa siteshoni ya hydropower.
Kuopsa kwa kulephera - chifukwa cha kusefukira kwa madzi, dziwe limatseka madzi ambiri, masoka achilengedwe, kuwonongeka kopangidwa ndi anthu, ndi khalidwe la zomangamanga, zomwe zingakhale ndi zotsatira zoopsa kumadera akumunsi ndi zomangamanga. Kulephera kotereku kungakhudze magetsi, nyama ndi zomera, komanso kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu ndi kuvulala.
Kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe - malo osungiramo madzi akuluakulu amachititsa kuti madera akuluakulu akusefukira kumtunda kwa damu, nthawi zina amawononga malo otsika, nkhalango za zigwa ndi udzu. Zikhudzanso chilengedwe cha m'madzi mozungulira chomeracho. Zimakhudza kwambiri nsomba, mbalame zam'madzi ndi nyama zina.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-21-2023
