Posachedwapa, boma la Switzerland lalemba mfundo yatsopano. Ngati vuto la mphamvu likukula, Switzerland idzaletsa kuyendetsa magalimoto amagetsi paulendo "wosafunikira".
Deta yofunikira ikuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi 60% ya mphamvu ya ku Switzerland imachokera ku malo opangira magetsi ndi 30% kuchokera ku mphamvu ya nyukiliya. Komabe, boma lalonjeza kuti lithetsa mphamvu yake ya nyukiliya, pomwe yotsalayo imachokera ku mafamu amphepo ndi mafuta achilengedwe. Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuti Switzerland imapanga mphamvu zokwanira chaka chilichonse kuti isunge kuwala, koma kusintha kwa nyengo kwa nyengo kumabweretsa zochitika zosayembekezereka.
Madzi amvula ndi chipale chofewa chosungunuka m'miyezi yotentha zimatha kusunga madzi a mumtsinje ndikupereka zinthu zofunika popanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi. Komabe, madzi a m'nyanja ndi mitsinje m'miyezi yozizira komanso nthawi yachilimwe youma kwambiri ku Europe atsika, zomwe zachititsa kuti magetsi a m'madzi achepe, choncho Switzerland iyenera kudalira mphamvu zochokera kunja.
Kale, dziko la Switzerland linkaitanitsa magetsi kuchokera ku France ndi Germany kuti likwaniritse zosowa zake zonse za magetsi, koma chaka chino zinthu zasintha, ndipo magetsi ochokera kumayiko oyandikana nawo nawonso ndi otanganidwa kwambiri.
France yakhala ikutumiza magetsi kunja kwa zaka zambiri, koma m'chigawo choyamba cha 2022, mphamvu za nyukiliya ku France zakhala zikulephera pafupipafupi. Pakadali pano, kupezeka kwa magetsi a nyukiliya ku France kuli kokwera pang'ono kuposa 50%, zomwe zapangitsa kuti France ikhale kampani yotumiza magetsi kunja kwa dzikolo koyamba. Komanso chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu zopangira magetsi a nyukiliya, France ikhoza kukumana ndi chiopsezo cha kulephera kwa magetsi m'nyengo yozizira ino. M'mbuyomu, kampani yoyendetsa magetsi ku France idati ichepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ndi 1% mpaka 5% pansi pazifukwa zoyambira, ndipo osapitirira 15% pansi pazifukwa zoyipa kwambiri. Malinga ndi tsatanetsatane waposachedwa wamagetsi womwe wawululidwa ndi French BFM TV pa 2, kampani yoyendetsa magetsi ku France yayamba kupanga dongosolo la kulephera kwa magetsi. Malo otseka magetsi ali mdziko lonselo, ndipo banja lililonse limakhala ndi kulephera kwa magetsi mpaka maola awiri patsiku, komanso kamodzi patsiku.
Zinthu zilinso chimodzimodzi ku Germany. Pankhani ya kutayika kwa mpweya wachilengedwe wa mapaipi aku Russia, makampani aboma akuyenera kuvutika.
Kuyambira mu June chaka chino, Elcom, Swiss Federal Power Commission, inati chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu zamagetsi za nyukiliya ku France komanso kutumiza kunja, magetsi ochokera ku Switzerland ochokera ku France m'nyengo yozizira ino akhoza kukhala otsika kwambiri kuposa zaka zam'mbuyomu, zomwe sizikuchotsa vuto la mphamvu zamagetsi zosakwanira.
Malinga ndi nkhani, dziko la Switzerland lingafunike kuitanitsa magetsi kuchokera ku Germany, Austria ndi mayiko ena oyandikana nawo a Italy. Komabe, malinga ndi Elcom, kupezeka kwa magetsi ochokera kunja kwa mayikowa kumadalira kwambiri kupezeka kwa mafuta ochokera ku gasi lachilengedwe.
Kodi kusiyana kwa magetsi ku Switzerland ndi kwakukulu bwanji? Malinga ndi malipoti a atolankhani akunja, dziko la Switzerland likufuna magetsi okwana 4GWh m'nyengo yozizira ino. Bwanji osasankha malo osungira magetsi? Mtengo ndi chifukwa chofunikira. Chomwe ku Ulaya kukusowa kwambiri ndi ukadaulo wosungira magetsi wa nyengo ndi nthawi yayitali. Pakadali pano, malo osungira magetsi a nthawi yayitali sanatchulidwe ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi Elcom pa ogulitsa magetsi 613 aku Switzerland, ambiri ogwira ntchito akuyembekezeka kukweza mitengo yawo yamagetsi ndi pafupifupi 47%, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mitengo yamagetsi yapakhomo idzakwera ndi pafupifupi 20%. Kukwera kwa mitengo ya gasi wachilengedwe, malasha ndi kaboni, komanso kuchepa kwa kupanga magetsi a nyukiliya ku France, zonse zathandizira kukwera kwa mitengo yamagetsi ku Switzerland.
Malinga ndi mtengo wamagetsi waposachedwa wa 183.97 euros/MWh (pafupifupi 1.36 yuan/kWh) ku Switzerland, mtengo wamagetsi wa 4GWh womwe ukugwirizana ndi msika ndi osachepera 735900 euros, pafupifupi 5.44 miliyoni yuan. Ngati mtengo wamagetsi wapamwamba kwambiri mu Ogasiti ndi 488.14 euro/MWh (pafupifupi 3.61 yuan/kWh), mtengo wofanana wa 4GWh ndi pafupifupi 14.4348 miliyoni yuan.
Kuletsa mphamvu zamagetsi! Kuletsa magalimoto amagetsi kosafunikira
Atolankhani ambiri adanena kuti pofuna kuthana ndi kusowa kwa magetsi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mphamvu zili bwino m'nyengo yozizira ino, Swiss Federal Council pakadali pano ikulemba chikalata chomwe chikupereka malamulo okhudza "kuletsa ndi kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi kuti zitsimikizire kuti mphamvu za dziko lonse zikuperekedwa", ikufotokoza bwino dongosolo la magawo anayi lopewera kuzima kwa magetsi, ndikukhazikitsa ziletso zosiyanasiyana pakagwa mavuto osiyanasiyana.
Komabe, chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi chokhudzana ndi kuletsa kuyendetsa magalimoto amagetsi pamlingo wachitatu. Chikalatachi chimafuna kuti "magalimoto amagetsi achinsinsi aziloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito paulendo wofunikira kwambiri (monga zosowa za akatswiri, kugula zinthu, kuonana ndi dokotala, kupita ku zochitika zachipembedzo, komanso kupita kumisonkhano ya kukhothi)."
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ogulitsa ku Switzerland kuli pafupifupi 300000 pachaka, ndipo chiwerengero cha magalimoto amagetsi chikukwera. Mu 2021, magalimoto atsopano olembetsedwa amagetsi 31823 adawonjezedwa ku Switzerland, ndipo chiwerengero cha magalimoto atsopano amagetsi ku Switzerland kuyambira Januwale mpaka Ogasiti 2022 chafika pa 25%. Komabe, chifukwa cha mavuto osakwanira a chips ndi magetsi, kukula kwa magalimoto amagetsi ku Switzerland chaka chino sikuli bwino monga momwe zinalili m'zaka zam'mbuyomu.
Switzerland ikukonzekera kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi m'mizinda poletsa kuyatsa magalimoto amagetsi nthawi zina. Iyi ndi njira yatsopano koma yoopsa, yomwe ikuwonetsanso kuopsa kwa kusowa kwa magetsi ku Europe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti Switzerland ikhoza kukhala dziko loyamba padziko lonse lapansi kuletsa magalimoto amagetsi. Komabe, lamuloli ndi loseketsa kwambiri, chifukwa pakadali pano, mayendedwe apadziko lonse lapansi akusintha kuchoka pa magalimoto amafuta kupita ku magalimoto amagetsi kuti achepetse kudalira mafuta oyambira ndikuwona kusintha kwa mphamvu zoyera.
Magalimoto ambiri amagetsi akalumikizidwa ku gridi yamagetsi, zitha kuonjezera chiopsezo cha magetsi osakwanira ndikubweretsa zovuta pakugwira ntchito bwino kwa makina amagetsi. Komabe, malinga ndi maganizo a akatswiri mumakampani, magalimoto amagetsi omwe adzakwezedwa kwambiri mtsogolo angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati malo osungira magetsi ndipo onse pamodzi adzayitanidwa kuti achite nawo ntchito yometa ndi kudzaza gridi yamagetsi. Eni magalimoto amatha kuyitanitsa magetsi pamene magetsi akugwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono. Akhoza kusintha magetsi kupita ku gridi yamagetsi panthawi yomwe magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, kapena ngakhale magetsi atakhala ochepa. Izi zimachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magetsi, kuonetsetsa kuti makina amagetsi ndi otetezeka, komanso zimathandizira kuti makina amagetsi azigwira ntchito bwino.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-12-2022
