Posachedwapa, boma la Swiss lalemba ndondomeko yatsopano. Ngati vuto la mphamvu zamakono likuwonjezereka, Switzerland idzaletsa kuyendetsa magalimoto amagetsi paulendo "wosafunikira".
Zomwe zikugwirizana zikuwonetsa kuti pafupifupi 60% ya mphamvu yaku Switzerland imachokera kumalo opangira magetsi amadzi ndipo 30% kuchokera ku mphamvu ya nyukiliya. Komabe, boma lalonjeza kuti lithetsa mphamvu zake za nyukiliya, pomwe zotsalazo zimachokera ku mafamu amphepo ndi mafuta achilengedwe. Ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuti dziko la Switzerland limapanga mphamvu zokwanira chaka chilichonse kuti liziwunikira, koma kusinthasintha kwa nyengo kumabweretsa zinthu zosayembekezereka.
Madzi a mvula ndi chipale chofewa m'miyezi yofunda amatha kusunga madzi a mtsinjewo ndikupereka zofunikira zopangira mphamvu zamagetsi. Komabe, madzi a m'nyanja ndi mitsinje m'miyezi yozizira komanso nyengo yotentha kwambiri ku Ulaya yatsika, zomwe zachititsa kuti magetsi azichepa kwambiri, choncho dziko la Switzerland liyenera kudalira magetsi ochokera kunja.
M'mbuyomu, dziko la Switzerland linkaitanitsa magetsi kuchokera ku France ndi Germany kuti akwaniritse zosowa zake zonse za magetsi, koma chaka chino zinthu zasintha, ndipo mphamvu za mayiko oyandikana nawo zikugwiranso ntchito kwambiri.
France yakhala ikugulitsa magetsi kunja kwazaka zambiri, koma theka loyamba la 2022, mphamvu zanyukiliya zaku France zidakumana ndi zovuta zambiri. Pakalipano, kupezeka kwa mayunitsi a mphamvu za nyukiliya ku France ndikwapamwamba pang'ono kuposa 50%, zomwe zimapangitsa France kukhala wogulitsa magetsi kwa nthawi yoyamba. Komanso chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magetsi a nyukiliya, dziko la France likhoza kukumana ndi chiopsezo cha kulephera kwa magetsi m'nyengo yozizira ino. M'mbuyomu, wogwiritsa ntchito gridi yaku France adati achepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndi 1% mpaka 5% pamikhalidwe yofunikira, ndipo makamaka 15% pazovuta kwambiri. Malinga ndi tsatanetsatane waposachedwa wamagetsi owululidwa ndi French BFM TV pa 2nd, woyendetsa magetsi aku France wayamba kupanga dongosolo linalake lozimitsa magetsi. Madera ozimitsa magetsi ali m’dziko lonselo, ndipo banja lililonse limazima magetsi mpaka maola awiri patsiku, komanso kamodzi kokha patsiku.
Ku Germany kulinso chimodzimodzi. Pankhani ya kutayika kwa mapaipi a gasi achilengedwe aku Russia, ntchito zapagulu zikuyenera kuvutikira.
Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June chaka chino, Elcom, Swiss Federal Power Commission, adanena kuti chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya nyukiliya ya ku France ndi magetsi otumiza kunja, kuitanitsa magetsi ku Switzerland kuchokera ku France m'nyengo yozizirayi kungakhale kotsika kwambiri kuposa zaka zapitazo, zomwe sizikutsutsa vuto la mphamvu zosakwanira.
Malinga ndi nkhani, Switzerland ingafunikire kuitanitsa magetsi kuchokera ku Germany, Austria ndi mayiko ena oyandikana nawo a Italy. Komabe, malinga ndi a Elcom, kupezeka kwa magetsi otumizidwa kunja kwa mayikowa kumadalira kwambiri kupezeka kwa mafuta a gasi.
Kodi kusiyana kwa magetsi ku Switzerland ndi kwakukulu bwanji? Malinga ndi malipoti atolankhani akunja, Switzerland ili ndi pafupifupi 4GWh magetsi otumiza kunja m'nyengo yozizira. Bwanji osasankha malo osungira mphamvu zamagetsi? Mtengo ndi chifukwa chofunikira. Zomwe Europe ikusowa kwambiri ndiukadaulo wosungirako nthawi ndi nthawi yayitali. Pakalipano, kusungirako mphamvu kwa nthawi yaitali sikunatchulidwe ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo waukulu.
Malinga ndi kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi Elcom pa 613 Swiss power suppliers, ambiri ogwira ntchito akuyembekezeka kuonjezera ndalama zawo za magetsi pafupifupi 47%, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mitengo yamagetsi yapakhomo idzawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 20%. Kukwera kwa mitengo ya gasi, malasha ndi kaboni, komanso kuchepa kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ya nyukiliya ya ku France, zonse zathandizira kukwera kwa mitengo yamagetsi ku Switzerland.
Malinga ndi mtengo wamagetsi waposachedwa wa 183.97 euros/MWh (pafupifupi 1.36 yuan/kWh) ku Switzerland, mtengo wofananira wamsika wamagetsi a 4GWh ndi osachepera 735900 mayuro, pafupifupi yuan miliyoni 5.44. Ngati mtengo wamagetsi wapamwamba kwambiri mu August ndi 488.14 euro/MWh (pafupifupi 3.61 yuan/kWh), mtengo wofanana wa 4GWh ndi pafupifupi 14.4348 miliyoni yuan.
Kuletsa mphamvu zamagetsi! Kuletsa kosafunika kwa magalimoto amagetsi
Atolankhani angapo adanenanso kuti pofuna kuthana ndi kuchepa kwa magetsi ndikuwonetsetsa chitetezo champhamvu m'nyengo yozizira ino, Swiss Federal Council ikupanga zolemba zomwe zikupereka malamulo okhudza "kuletsa ndi kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi kuti awonetsetse kuti magetsi atha," ikufotokoza momveka bwino magawo anayi oletsa kuzima kwa magetsi, ndikukhazikitsa zoletsa zosiyanasiyana pakagwa mavuto osiyanasiyana.
Komabe, chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino chikugwirizana ndi kuletsa kuyendetsa magalimoto amagetsi pamlingo wachitatu. Chikalatacho chimafuna kuti "magalimoto apayekha amagetsi aziloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito paulendo wofunikira kwambiri (monga zofunikira za akatswiri, kugula zinthu, kukaonana ndi dokotala, kupita kuchipembedzo, komanso kupita ku khothi)."
M'zaka zaposachedwa, kuchuluka kwa magalimoto aku Swiss kuli pafupifupi 300000 pachaka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi akukwera. Mu 2021, magalimoto amagetsi atsopano olembetsedwa a 31823 adawonjezeredwa ku Switzerland, ndipo kuchuluka kwa magalimoto atsopano amagetsi ku Switzerland kuyambira Januware mpaka Ogasiti 2022 adafika 25%. Komabe, chifukwa cha tchipisi chosakwanira komanso zovuta zamagetsi, kukula kwa magalimoto amagetsi ku Switzerland chaka chino sikuli bwino ngati zaka zapitazo.
Switzerland ikukonzekera kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi m'mizinda poletsa kulipiritsa magalimoto amagetsi nthawi zina. Iyi ndi njira yatsopano koma yopitilira muyeso, yomwe ikuwonetsanso kuopsa kwa kuchepa kwa magetsi ku Europe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti dziko la Switzerland likhoza kukhala dziko loyamba padziko lonse lapansi kuletsa magalimoto amagetsi. Komabe, lamuloli limakhalanso lodabwitsa kwambiri, chifukwa pakalipano, kayendetsedwe ka dziko lonse lapansi kakusintha kuchoka ku magalimoto amafuta kupita ku magalimoto amagetsi kuti achepetse kudalira mafuta opangira mafuta komanso kuzindikira kusintha kwa mphamvu zoyera.
Pamene magalimoto ochuluka amagetsi akugwirizanitsidwa ndi gridi yamagetsi, zikhozadi kuonjezera chiopsezo cha magetsi osakwanira ndikubweretsa zovuta kuntchito yokhazikika yamagetsi. Komabe, malinga ndi malingaliro a akatswiri amakampani, magalimoto amagetsi omwe adzakwezedwa pamlingo waukulu m'tsogolomu atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati malo osungiramo mphamvu komanso kuyitanidwa kuti achite nawo ntchito yometa nsonga ndi kudzaza chigwa cha gridi yamagetsi. Eni galimoto amatha kulipira pamene mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yachepa. Amatha kusinthira magetsi ku gridi yamagetsi panthawi yamphamvu yogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, kapena ngakhale mphamvuyo ili yochepa. Izi zimachepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi, zimatsimikizira chitetezo ndi kukhazikika kwa dongosolo lamagetsi, komanso kumapangitsanso mphamvu yamagetsi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-12-2022
