Pofuna kuthandiza kukwaniritsa cholinga cha "kukweza mpweya woipa, kuletsa mpweya woipa" ndikumanga njira yatsopano yamagetsi, China Southern Power Grid Corporation idapereka lingaliro lomveka bwino lomanga njira yatsopano yamagetsi kudera lakum'mwera pofika chaka cha 2030 ndikumanga njira yatsopano yamagetsi pofika chaka cha 2060. Munjira iyi, tipanga mwamphamvu malo osungiramo madzi. Tikukonzekera kuwonjezera mphamvu yokhazikika ya ma kilowatts 6 miliyoni, ma kilowatts 15 miliyoni ndi ma kilowatts 15 miliyoni motsatana panthawi ya "Dongosolo la Zaka Zisanu ndi Zinayi, ndi lachisanu ndi chimodzi". Tidzayesetsa kufikira ma kilowatts pafupifupi 44 miliyoni okhala ndi mphamvu yosungira madzi m'dera lakum'mwera pofika chaka cha 2035, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale mtundu watsopano wa chowongolera chosokoneza magetsi, chowongolera katundu ndi chowongolera magetsi.
Gwero: Akaunti yovomerezeka ya WeChat “China Energy Media Intelligent Manufacturing”
Wolemba: Peng Yumin, Energy Storage Research Institute of China Southern Power Grid Peak shaving and Frequency Modulation Power Generation Co., Ltd
Zinthu zazikulu za makina atsopano amagetsi
Dongosolo latsopano lamagetsi likulamulidwa ndi mphamvu zoyera, ndipo gawo la mphamvu zatsopano zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zidzapitirira kuwonjezeka, pang'onopang'ono kupanga njira yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndi mphamvu zatsopano, mphamvu yamadzi, mphamvu ya nyukiliya ngati njira yayikulu yopangira mphamvu. Gawo la kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zakale lidzachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono kuti likwaniritse cholinga chopanda mpweya wa carbon, ndipo mphamvu yotsala ya mphamvu zakale idzagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphamvu yobwezera ya dongosolo latsopano lamagetsi. Mu dongosolo latsopano lamagetsi, mphamvu zatsopano zidzalumikizidwa ku gridi yamagetsi m'njira yokhazikika komanso yogawidwa. Ponena za mwayi wofikira pakati, dera lakum'mwera limayesetsa kupeza mphamvu ya mphepo ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja yoposa ma kilowatts 24 miliyoni, mphamvu ya mphepo ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja yoposa ma kilowatts 20 miliyoni, ndi mwayi wofikira ma kilowatts oposa 56 miliyoni pofika chaka cha 2025. Ponena za mwayi wofikira pakati, magwero amagetsi omwe ali ndi mphamvu zochepa, mulingo wotsika wamagetsi olowera pakati ndipo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupi adzamangidwa m'madera osiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili m'deralo.
Mu dongosolo latsopano lamagetsi lomwe lili ndi mphamvu zatsopano ngati thupi lalikulu, kutulutsa kwenikweni kwa zida zatsopano zopangira mphamvu kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chilengedwe cha nyengo, chomwe chili ndi mawonekedwe omveka bwino a kusakhazikika, kusinthasintha komanso nthawi zina. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kusintha kwa mphamvu zamagetsi, zida zosungira mphamvu zapakhomo ndi nyumba yanzeru kumapangitsa kuti katundu wa mbali ya ogwiritsa ntchito apangidwe m'njira zosiyanasiyana komanso zolumikizirana, ndipo malo ogwiritsira ntchito amalowa munjira yatsopano yomwe ndi yogula komanso yopanga. Dongosolo latsopano lamagetsi lomwe lili ndi mphamvu zatsopano ngati thupi lalikulu limapereka mawonekedwe "awiri okwera" a kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zatsopano ndi kuchuluka kwa zida zamagetsi zamagetsi. Kuti tithane ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa mphamvu zatsopano ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana zoopsa, ndikofunikira kufananiza mphamvu yoyikidwa yosungira yopompedwa ndi sikelo yofanana malinga ndi mphamvu yoyikidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zatsopano. Pamene kutulutsa kwa mphamvu zatsopano sikuli bwino, malo osungira opompedwa ayenera kusunga momwe makina atsopano amagetsi alili momwe angathere, ndikuletsa kusintha kwa makina atsopano amagetsi kukhala makina amagetsi achikhalidwe. Chifukwa chake, kupanga ndi kumanga malo osungira magetsi opompedwa kudzakhala kofulumira komanso kwakukulu.
Mavuto ndi njira zothanirana ndi chitukuko chachangu komanso chachikulu cha malo osungira madzi opompedwa
Kumanga mwachangu komanso kwakukulu kwabweretsa mavuto okhudzana ndi chitetezo, ubwino ndi kusowa kwa ogwira ntchito. Pofuna kukwaniritsa zosowa za makina atsopano opangira magetsi, malo ambiri osungira magetsi opopa amavomerezedwa kuti amange chaka chilichonse. Nthawi yofunikira yomanga yafupikitsidwa kwambiri kuchoka pa zaka 8-10 kufika pa zaka 4-6. Kumanga mwachangu kwa polojekitiyi kudzabweretsa mavuto okhudzana ndi chitetezo, ubwino ndi kusowa kwa ogwira ntchito.
Pofuna kuthetsa mavuto angapo omwe amabwera chifukwa cha chitukuko chachangu ndi kumanga mapulojekiti, mayunitsi omanga ndi oyang'anira mapulojekiti ayenera choyamba kuchita kafukufuku waukadaulo ndi machitidwe okhudza makina ndi luntha la zomangamanga za malo osungiramo magetsi opompedwa. Ukadaulo wa TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) wayambitsidwa kuti ufukule mapanga ambiri apansi panthaka, ndipo zida za TBM zimapangidwa pamodzi ndi mawonekedwe a malo osungiramo magetsi opompedwa, ndipo njira yaukadaulo yomanga imapangidwa. Poganizira zochitika zosiyanasiyana monga kufukula, kutumiza, kuthandizira ndi arch yozungulira panthawi yomanga nyumba, njira yothandizira yogwiritsira ntchito njira yonse yomanga makina ndi anzeru yapangidwa, ndipo kafukufuku wachitika pamitu monga kugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru zida zamakina imodzi, kudzipangira okha njira yonse yomanga, kusintha kwa digito kwa chidziwitso chomanga zida, kumanga popanda munthu kwa zida zamakina zowongolera kutali, kusanthula kwanzeru kwa malingaliro aukadaulo a mtundu womanga, ndi zina zotero, Kupanga zida ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana omanga makina ndi anzeru.
Ponena za makina ndi luntha la uinjiniya wamakina ndi zamagetsi, titha kusanthula kufunikira kwa kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kuthekera kwa makina ndi luntha kuchokera mbali zochepetsera ogwiritsa ntchito, kukonza magwiridwe antchito, kuchepetsa zoopsa pantchito, ndi zina zotero, ndikupanga zida zosiyanasiyana zamakina ndi zamagetsi komanso zomangamanga zanzeru ndi makina kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pazochitika zosiyanasiyana zoyika zida zamakina ndi zamagetsi.
Kuphatikiza apo, kapangidwe ka ukadaulo wa 3D ndi ukadaulo woyeserera ungagwiritsidwenso ntchito kupanga ndi kutsanzira malo ndi zida zina pasadakhale, zomwe sizimangomaliza gawo la ntchito pasadakhale, kufupikitsa nthawi yomanga pamalopo, komanso kuchita kuvomereza kogwira ntchito komanso kuwongolera khalidwe pasadakhale, ndikukweza bwino mulingo wowongolera khalidwe ndi chitetezo.
Kugwira ntchito kwakukulu kwa malo opangira magetsi kumabweretsa vuto la ntchito yodalirika, kufunikira kwanzeru komanso kwakukulu. Kugwira ntchito kwakukulu kwa malo osungira magetsi opompedwa kudzabweretsa mavuto monga ndalama zambiri zogwirira ntchito ndi kukonza, kusowa kwa antchito, ndi zina zotero. Kuti muchepetse ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndi kukonza, chofunikira ndikukweza kudalirika kwa malo osungira magetsi opompedwa; Kuti muthetse vuto la kusowa kwa ogwira ntchito, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira bwino ntchito ya malo opangira magetsi.
Kuti akonze kudalirika kwa ntchito ya chipangizochi, pankhani yosankha ndi kupanga mitundu ya zida, akatswiri ayenera kufotokoza mwachidule zomwe akumana nazo pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malo osungiramo magetsi opompedwa, kuchita kapangidwe koyenera, kusankha mitundu ndi kafukufuku wokhazikika pamakina ofunikira a zida zosungiramo magetsi opompedwa, ndikuzisintha mobwerezabwereza malinga ndi luso lokhazikitsa zida, kusamalira zolakwika ndi kukonza. Ponena za kupanga zida, malo osungiramo zida akadali ndi ukadaulo wofunikira wopanga zida m'manja mwa opanga akunja. Ndikofunikira kuchita kafukufuku wa malo pa zida "zotsekeka", ndikuphatikiza zaka zambiri zogwirira ntchito ndi kukonza ndi njira, kuti akonze bwino mtundu wa malonda ndi kudalirika kwa ntchito za zida zofunikazi. Ponena za kuyang'anira magwiridwe antchito a zida, akatswiri ayenera kupanga mosamala miyezo yowunikira momwe zida zilili potengera momwe zida zilili komanso momwe zimayezera, kuchita kafukufuku wozama pa njira zowongolera zida, njira zowunikira momwe zilili komanso njira zowunikira thanzi kutengera zofunikira zachitetezo, kupanga kusanthula kwanzeru ndi nsanja yochenjeza koyambirira kuti ziwunikire momwe zida zilili, kupeza zoopsa zobisika mu zida pasadakhale ndikuchita chenjezo koyambirira munthawi yake.
Kuti akwaniritse kayendetsedwe kabwino komanso kogwira ntchito kwa malo opangira magetsi, akatswiri ayenera kuchita kafukufuku pa kayendetsedwe ka makina kapena ukadaulo wofunikira kwambiri pankhani yowongolera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida, kuti akwaniritse kuyambitsa ndi kutseka ndi kulamulira katundu wa chipangizocho popanda kulowererapo kwa ogwira ntchito, ndikuzindikira kutsata kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi kutsimikizira kwanzeru kwamitundu yambiri momwe angathere; Ponena za kuwunika zida, akatswiri amatha kuchita kafukufuku waukadaulo pakuwona masomphenya a makina, kuzindikira kwa makina, kuyang'ana kwa loboti ndi zina, ndikuchita machitidwe aukadaulo pakusintha makina owunikira; Ponena za kugwira ntchito mwamphamvu kwa malo opangira magetsi, ndikofunikira kuchita kafukufuku ndi machitidwe paukadaulo wowunikira wa munthu m'modzi ndi mafakitale angapo kuti athetse bwino vuto la kusowa kwa anthu ogwira ntchito lomwe limabwera chifukwa cha kupanga malo osungira magetsi opompedwa.
Kuchepetsa mphamvu yosungiramo zinthu zopopedwa ndi kugwira ntchito pamodzi kwa mphamvu zambiri zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri zatsopano zogawika. Chinthu chodabwitsa cha dongosolo latsopano lamagetsi ndikuti pali mphamvu zambiri zatsopano zomwe zimafalikira m'malo osiyanasiyana a gridi, zomwe zimagwira ntchito mu gridi yamagetsi ochepa. Kuti muyamwitse ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopanozi momwe mungathere komanso moyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu mu gridi yayikulu yamagetsi, ndikofunikira kumanga malo osungiramo zinthu zopopedwa pafupi ndi magwero atsopano amagetsi kuti mugwiritse ntchito malo osungiramo, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano kudzera mu ma gridi amphamvu otsika. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuthetsa mavuto a kuchepetsa mphamvu yosungiramo zinthu zopopedwa ndi kugwira ntchito pamodzi kwa mphamvu zambiri zowonjezera.
Ndikofunikira kuti mainjiniya ndi akatswiri azichita kafukufuku mwachangu pa kusankha malo, kupanga ndi kupanga, njira zowongolera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya malo osungira magetsi opopedwa, kuphatikiza malo osungira ang'onoang'ono opopedwa, ntchito yodziyimira payokha ya mapampu ndi ma turbine, kugwira ntchito limodzi kwa malo ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi ndi malo opopedwa, ndi zina zotero; Nthawi yomweyo, kafukufuku ndi chiwonetsero cha polojekiti paukadaulo wogwirira ntchito wophatikizidwa wa malo osungira magetsi opopedwa ndi mphepo, kuwala ndi magetsi amadzi zimachitika kuti apereke njira zaukadaulo zofufuzira kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu ndi kuyanjana kwachuma mu dongosolo latsopano lamagetsi.
Vuto la "choke" chaukadaulo cha mayunitsi osungira opompa mofulumira kwambiri omwe amasinthidwa kukhala gridi yamagetsi yolimba kwambiri. Mayunitsi osungira opompa mofulumira kwambiri ali ndi mawonekedwe a kuyankha mwachangu ku malamulo oyambira pafupipafupi, mphamvu yolowera yosinthika pansi pa mikhalidwe yogwirira ntchito ya pampu, ndi chipangizo chogwira ntchito pamlingo woyenera, komanso kuyankha mozama komanso nthawi yayitali ya inertia. Kuti muchepetse bwino kusakhazikika ndi kusasinthasintha kwa gridi yamagetsi, sinthani molondola ndikuyamwa mphamvu yochulukirapo yopangidwa ndi mphamvu yatsopano kumbali yopangira ndi mbali ya wogwiritsa ntchito, ndikuwongolera bwino kuchuluka kwa katundu wa gridi yamagetsi yolimba kwambiri komanso yolumikizana, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mayunitsi othamanga mofulumira mu gridi yamagetsi. Komabe, pakadali pano, ukadaulo wambiri wofunikira wa mayunitsi opompa madzi mwachangu komanso osungira akadali m'manja mwa opanga akunja, ndipo vuto la "choke" chaukadaulo liyenera kuthetsedwa.
Kuti tikwaniritse ulamuliro wodziyimira pawokha wa ukadaulo wofunikira, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana kwambiri kafukufuku wasayansi wakunyumba ndi mphamvu zaukadaulo kuti tikwaniritse mozama kapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha ma mota opanga ma jenereta osinthasintha ndi ma turbine a pampu, kupanga njira zowongolera ndi zida za osinthira ma AC, kupanga njira zowongolera zogwirizana ndi zida zamayunitsi osinthasintha, kufufuza njira zowongolera za governor zamayunitsi osinthasintha, kufufuza njira zosinthira momwe zinthu zikuyendera komanso njira zowongolera zophatikizika zamayunitsi osinthasintha, kuzindikira kapangidwe kathunthu ka malo ndi kupanga ndi kuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mayunitsi akuluakulu osinthasintha.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-09-2022
