Mphamvu ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la kusalowererapo kwa mpweya mu Carbon Peak. M'zaka ziwiri zapitazi kuyambira pomwe Nduna Yaikulu Xi Jinping adalengeza kwambiri za kusalowererapo kwa mpweya mu carbon pachimake, madipatimenti onse oyenerera m'madera osiyanasiyana aphunzira bwino ndikukhazikitsa mzimu wa malankhulidwe ndi malangizo ofunikira a Nduna Yaikulu Xi Jinping, ndipo mwachidwi adagwiritsa ntchito zisankho ndi kutumizidwa kwa Komiti Yaikulu ya Chipani ndi Bungwe la Boma komanso ntchito ya kusalowererapo kwa mpweya mu carbon pachimake Malinga ndi zofunikira za kutumizidwa kwa gulu lotsogolera, kusintha kwa mphamvu kobiriwira komanso kotsika kwa mpweya kwakhala kukulimbikitsa mwachangu, mosalekeza komanso mwadongosolo, ndipo zotsatira zodabwitsa zapezeka.
1. Kufulumizitsa chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosakhala za m'mabwinja
(1) Mphamvu zatsopano zinapitiriza kukula mofulumira. Kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa dongosolo lokonzekera ndi kukonza maziko akuluakulu a mphamvu ya mphepo omwe akuyang'ana m'zipululu, Gobi, ndi madera achipululu. Chiwerengero chonse chomwe chikukonzekera ndi pafupifupi ma kilowatts 450 miliyoni. Pakadali pano, gulu loyamba la mapulojekiti oyambira 95 miliyoni a kilowatts onse ayamba kumangidwa, ndipo gulu lachiwiri la mndandanda wa mapulojekiti laperekedwa. Patsogolo ntchito yoyambirira ndikukonzekera ndikukonzekera gulu lachitatu la mapulojekiti oyambira. Konzani pang'onopang'ono pulojekiti yoyesera ya chitukuko cha photovoltaic chogawidwa padenga la chigawo chonse. Pofika kumapeto kwa Juni chaka chino, kuchuluka kwa mapulojekiti oyeserera a dziko lonse kunali ma kilowatts 66.15 miliyoni. Konzani mwadongosolo kumanga maziko a mphamvu ya mphepo ku Shandong Peninsula, Yangtze River Delta, kum'mwera kwa Fujian, kum'mawa kwa Guangdong, ndi Beibu Gulf. Kuyambira 2020, mphamvu yokhazikika ya mphamvu ya mphepo ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa yowonjezeredwa yapitirira ma kilowatts 100 miliyoni kwa zaka ziwiri zotsatizana, zomwe zimapangitsa pafupifupi 60% ya mphamvu zonse zopangira magetsi zomwe zakhazikitsidwa chaka chino. Kukula kosalekeza kwa mphamvu zopangira biomass, kuyambira kumapeto kwa Julayi chaka chino, mphamvu yokhazikitsa mphamvu zopangira biomass inali ma kilowatts 39.67 miliyoni. Gwirani ntchito ndi madipatimenti oyenerera kuti mufufuze mwachangu ndikuthandizira chitukuko cha mphamvu yotentha ya geothermal ndi mafuta osakhala a bio-liquid. Limbikitsani kupanga koyesa kwa mafakitale kwa fakitale yoyamba yodziyimira payokha ya cellulose fuel ethanol yomwe imapanga matani 30,000 pachaka. Ndondomeko Yapakati ndi Yaitali Yopangira Makampani a Hydrogen Energy (2021-2035) idaperekedwa. Mu 2021, mphamvu zopangira mphamvu zatsopano pachaka zidzapitirira 1 thililiyoni kWh koyamba.
(2) Ntchito yomanga mapulojekiti amagetsi achikhalidwe cha hydropower yapita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono. Kugwirizanitsa chitukuko cha magetsi amadzi ndi kuteteza chilengedwe, ndikulimbikitsa mwamphamvu kukonzekera magetsi amadzi ndi kumanga mapulojekiti akuluakulu amagetsi amadzi m'mitsinje yayikulu monga madera apamwamba a Mtsinje wa Jinsha, madera apakati a Mtsinje wa Yalong, ndi madera apamwamba a Mtsinje wa Yellow. Malo Opangira Mphamvu a Madzi a Wudongde ndi Lianghekou adayikidwa kwathunthu. Malo Opangira Mphamvu a Madzi a Baihetan adamalizidwa ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito ndi mayunitsi 10 kumapeto kwa Ogasiti chaka chino. Ntchito ya Malo Opangira Mphamvu a Madzi a Mtsinje wa Jinsha Xulong idavomerezedwa kuti imangidwe kumayambiriro kwa Juni chaka chino. Kuyambira 2021 mpaka Juni chaka chino, ma kilowatts 6 miliyoni amagetsi achikhalidwe cha hydropower ayamba. Pofika kumapeto kwa Juni chaka chino, mphamvu yamagetsi yamadzi yadziko lonse idafika pafupifupi ma kilowatts 360 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa ma kilowatts pafupifupi 20 miliyoni mu 2020, ndipo pafupifupi 50% ya cholinga chowonjezera ma kilowatts 40 miliyoni panthawi ya "Ndondomeko ya Zaka Zisanu ya 14" yatha.
(3) Mphamvu ya nyukiliya imasunga liwiro lokhazikika la ntchito yomanga. Modzipereka komanso mwadongosolo kulimbikitsa ntchito yomanga mphamvu ya nyukiliya motsatira mfundo yoonetsetsa kuti chitetezo chili bwino. Hualong No. 1, Guohe No. 1 projekiti yowonetsera, projekiti yowonetsera reactor yozizira ndi mpweya wotentha kwambiri ndi mapulojekiti ena omwe akumangidwa akukwezedwa motsatira mfundo yotsimikizira kuti zinthu zili bwino. Mu Januwale 2021, Fuqing No. 5, mulu woyamba padziko lonse wa Hualong No. 1, unamalizidwa ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito. Pofika mu Julayi chaka chino, dziko langa lili ndi mayunitsi 77 amagetsi a nyukiliya omwe akugwira ntchito komanso akumangidwa, okhala ndi mphamvu yokwana ma kilowatts 83.35 miliyoni.
Kupita patsogolo kwabwino kwachitika pakukula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zachilengedwe mwaukhondo komanso moyenera
(1) Kukula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malasha mwaukhondo komanso moyenera kukupitirirabe. Perekani gawo lonse ku mphamvu ya malasha ndi malasha pothandizira ndikutsimikizira kusintha kwa mphamvu kobiriwira komanso kotsika kwa mpweya. Pitirizani kuchita bwino mu "bokosi lophatikizana" pakuwonjezera kupanga malasha ndikuwonetsetsa kuti akupezeka, kukhazikitsa njira yodzitetezera ku malasha ndi udindo wopereka, kukhazikitsa mfundo zotsimikizira kupereka malasha, kulimbitsa ndondomeko yopangira malasha mdziko lonse, ndikutulutsa nthawi zonse mphamvu zopangira zapamwamba kuti ziwonjezere bwino komanso mosalekeza kupanga malasha. Fufuzani ndikulimbikitsa chiwonetsero choyesera cha magulu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malasha otsika. Gwiritsani ntchito mokwanira mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu ya malasha. Mosalekeza komanso mwadongosolo kulimbikitsa kuchotsa mphamvu yopangira kumbuyo mumakampani opanga magetsi a malasha. Mu 2021, mphamvu yogwiritsa ntchito malasha idzakhala ndi ndalama zosakwana 50% ya mphamvu yoyikidwa, kupanga 60% ya magetsi mdziko muno, ndikuchita 70% ya ntchito zapamwamba. Gwiritsani ntchito mokwanira "maulumikizidwe atatu" a mphamvu ya malasha yosunga mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa mpweya, kusinthasintha ndi kusintha kutentha. Mu 2021, ma kilowatts 240 miliyoni osinthira atsirizidwa. Maziko abwino a cholingacho amayikidwa.
(2) Kukula kwapamwamba kwa mafuta ndi gasi kwapita patsogolo kwambiri. Limbikitsani mwamphamvu dongosolo la zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri la kufufuza ndi kukonza mafuta ndi gasi, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya kufufuza ndi kukonza mafuta ndi gasi. Mu 2021, kupanga mafuta osakonzedwa kudzakhala matani 199 miliyoni, zomwe zakhazikika ndikuwonjezekanso kwa zaka zitatu zotsatizana, ndipo kupanga gasi lachilengedwe kudzakhala makiyubiki mita 207.6 biliyoni, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa makiyubiki mita oposa 10 biliyoni kwa zaka zisanu zotsatizana. Limbikitsani chitukuko chachikulu cha zinthu zachilendo za mafuta ndi gasi. Mu 2021, kutulutsa mafuta a shale kudzakhala matani 2.4 miliyoni, kutulutsa gasi wa shale kudzakhala makiyubiki mita 23 biliyoni, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito methane ya coalbed kudzakhala makiyubiki mita 7.7 biliyoni, kusunga kukula kwabwino. Limbikitsani kumanga zomangamanga za mafuta ndi gasi, limbikitsani kumanga mapaipi a mafuta ndi gasi ndi mapulojekiti ofunikira olumikizirana, ndikupititsa patsogolo "network imodzi yadziko lonse". Mphamvu yosungira gasi lachilengedwe yakwera mofulumira, ndipo kuchuluka kwa malo osungira gasi kwawirikiza kawiri m'zaka zoposa zitatu. Kulimbikitsa mwamphamvu kukhazikitsa kukweza kwa mafuta oyeretsedwa, ndikutsimikizira bwino kupezeka kwa mafuta ndi dizilo zomwe zikukwaniritsa miyezo ya dziko lonse ya gawo lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi gasi kudzapitiriza kukula moyenera, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi gasi kudzawerengera pafupifupi 27.4% ya mphamvu zonse zoyambira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 2021.
(3) Kufulumizitsa kukhazikitsa njira yosinthira mphamvu zogwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Ndondomeko monga "Maganizo Otsogolera pa Kupititsa Patsogolo Kupititsa Patsogolo Mphamvu Zamagetsi" zinayambitsidwa kuti zilimbikitse kusintha kosalekeza kwa magetsi m'madera ofunikira monga mafakitale, mayendedwe, zomangamanga, ulimi ndi madera akumidzi. Kulimbikitsa kwambiri kutentha koyera kumpoto. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2021, malo otenthetsera oyera adzafika mamita 15.6 biliyoni, ndi kutentha koyera kwa 73.6%, kupitirira cholinga chomwe chinakonzedweratu, ndikulowa m'malo mwa matani opitilira 150 miliyoni a malasha otayirira, zomwe zithandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa PM2.5 ndikukweza mpweya wabwino. Kuchuluka kwa zopereka kuli kopitilira gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu. Kufulumizitsa kumanga zomangamanga zochapira magalimoto amagetsi. Pofika mu Julayi chaka chino, mayunitsi okwana 3.98 miliyoni amangidwa, omwe kwenikweni angakwaniritse zosowa za chitukuko cha magalimoto amagetsi. Chiwonetsero cha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za nyukiliya kwathunthu chachitika. Malo onse otenthetsera a gawo loyamba ndi lachiwiri la polojekiti yotenthetsera mphamvu ya nyukiliya ku Haiyang, m'chigawo cha Shandong apitirira mamitala 5 miliyoni, zomwe zapangitsa kuti kutentha kwa mphamvu ya nyukiliya ku Haiyang City kukhale "kokwanira". Zhejiang Qinshan Nuclear Energy Heating Project idakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo, kukhala pulojekiti yoyamba yotenthetsera mphamvu ya nyukiliya m'chigawo chakumwera.
Kupita patsogolo kosalekeza pa ntchito yomanga makina atatu atsopano amagetsi
(1) Kuthekera kogawa mphamvu m'maboma osiyanasiyana kwakhala kukukulitsidwa pang'onopang'ono. Kumaliza ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zotumizira mphamvu za Yazhong-Jiangxi, Northern Shaanxi-Wuhan, Baihetan-Jiangsu UHV DC ndi njira zina zotumizira mphamvu zapakati pa madera osiyanasiyana, kufulumizitsa kukwezedwa kwa mapulojekiti a Baihetan-Zhejiang, Fujian-Guangdong olumikizidwa a DC, ndi njira zina zotumizira mphamvu za Nanyang-Jingmen-Changsha, Zhumadian-Wuhan ndi madera ena. Kumanga mapulojekiti a UHV AC m'maboma ndi madera kumathandizira kwambiri njira zotumizira mphamvu za "AC zitatu ndi zisanu ndi zinayi" zolunjika za trans-provincial. Kugwirizanitsa ndikulimbikitsa kulumikizana kwa gulu loyamba la mapulojekiti akuluakulu a mphamvu ya mphepo ku gridi. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2021, mphamvu yotumizira mphamvu yamagetsi ya dzikolo kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kummawa idzafika ma kilowatts 290 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa ma kilowatts 20 miliyoni poyerekeza ndi kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2020.
(2) Mphamvu yosinthira mphamvu yamagetsi yakhala ikukwera kwambiri. Kulimbikitsa kusintha kwa mphamvu ya malasha. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2021, kukhazikitsidwa kwa kusintha kwa mphamvu kudzapitirira ma kilowatts 100 miliyoni. Kupanga ndikupereka Ndondomeko Yachitukuko Yapakatikati ndi Yaitali Yosungira Zinthu Zopopera (2021-2035), kulimbikitsa kupanga mapulani oyendetsera ntchito m'zigawo ndi dongosolo lovomerezeka la ntchito ya "Ndondomeko ya Zaka Zisanu ya 14", ndikufulumizitsa kumanga mapulojekiti omwe ndi abwino kwa chilengedwe, omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe yokhwima, komanso omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zabwino kwambiri. Pofika kumapeto kwa Juni chaka chino, mphamvu yokhazikika yosungira zinthu zopopera inafika ma kilowatts 42 miliyoni. Ndondomeko Yatsopano Yokhazikitsa Kusungirako Mphamvu ya "Ndondomeko ya Zaka Zisanu ya 14" idaperekedwa kuti ifulumizitse kusiyanasiyana, mafakitale, ndi chitukuko chachikulu cha malo atsopano osungiramo mphamvu. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2021, mphamvu yokhazikika yosungiramo mphamvu zatsopano idzapitirira ma kilowatts 4 miliyoni. Kulimbikitsa kumanga mwachangu mapulojekiti amphamvu a gasi oyenerera. Pofika kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June chaka chino, mphamvu yopangira gasi wachilengedwe inali pafupifupi ma kilowatts 110 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa ma kilowatts pafupifupi 10 miliyoni poyerekeza ndi chaka cha 2020. Longolerani madera onse kuti agwire ntchito yabwino poyankha kufunikira kwa magetsi kuti achepetse kufunikira kwa magetsi ambiri.
Zitsimikizo zinayi zothandizira kusintha kwa mphamvu zikupitilirabe kulimba
(1) Kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha ukadaulo wamagetsi. Zinthu zambiri zatsopano zasayansi ndi ukadaulo zapeza njira zatsopano, zaphunzira ukadaulo wodziyimira pawokha wa mphamvu za nyukiliya wa m'badwo wachitatu, zamanga chipangizo chamagetsi chamadzi cha ma kilowatt miliyoni imodzi chokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri ya unit imodzi padziko lonse lapansi, komanso zakonzanso mbiri yapadziko lonse ya kusintha kwa maselo a photovoltaic kangapo. Kupita patsogolo kwatsopano kwachitika mu kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano wamagetsi monga kusungira mphamvu ndi mphamvu ya haidrojeni. Kukonza njira zatsopano, kupanga ndikupereka "Pulani ya Zaka Zisanu ya 14 ya Zatsopano za Sayansi ndi Ukadaulo mu Mphamvu", kusintha njira zowunikira ndi kuwunika kwa zida zazikulu zaukadaulo zoyamba (seti) m'munda wamagetsi, ndikukonza kukhazikitsidwa kwa gulu loyamba la nsanja zadziko lonse za kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi zatsopano panthawi ya Kusankha ndi kuzindikira "Pulani ya Zaka Zisanu ya 14".
(2) Kusintha kwa dongosolo la mphamvu ndi njira zake kwakhala kukukulirakulira. Kwapereka ndikukhazikitsa "Maganizo Otsogolera pa Kufulumizitsa Kumanga Dongosolo la Msika Wamagetsi Wadziko Lonse". Yankhani dongosolo lokhazikitsa ntchito yomanga msika wamagetsi wakum'mwera kwa chigawo. Kumanga msika wamagetsi kunalimbikitsidwa mwachangu komanso mosalekeza, ndipo magulu asanu ndi limodzi oyamba a madera oyesera magetsi kuphatikiza Shanxi adachita ntchito yoyeserera yosalekeza. Mu theka loyamba la chaka chino, magetsi mdziko muno omwe amayendetsedwa ndi msika anali 2.5 thililiyoni kWh, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa 45.8%, zomwe zimapangitsa pafupifupi 61% ya magetsi omwe anthu onse amagwiritsa ntchito. Kuchita kusintha kwa umwini wosakanikirana m'munda wa mphamvu zatsopano, kufufuza ndikupeza mapulojekiti angapo ofunikira. Kulimbikitsa kusintha kwa mtengo wa malasha, mtengo wamagetsi, ndi njira yosungira mitengo yopumira, kumasula mtengo wamagetsi wamagetsi pa gridi, kuletsa mtengo wamagetsi wogulitsa pamakatalogi amakampani ndi amalonda, ndikulimbikitsa ogwiritsa ntchito mafakitale ndi amalonda kuti alowe mumsika. Kufulumizitsa kupanga ndikusintha Lamulo la Mphamvu, Lamulo la Malasha ndi Lamulo la Mphamvu Zamagetsi.
(3) Chitsimikizo cha ndondomeko yosinthira mphamvu chakonzedwanso. Yapereka ndikukhazikitsa "Ndondomeko Yoyendetsera Ntchito Yolimbikitsa Mphamvu Yobiriwira ndi Kusintha kwa Mpweya Wochepa Kuti Igwire Ntchito Yabwino Yokweza Mpweya wa Carbon", "Maganizo Okhudza Kukonza Dongosolo, Njira, ndi Njira Zoyendetsera Mphamvu Yobiriwira ndi Kusintha kwa Mpweya Wochepa" ndi Ndondomeko Yoyendetsera Ntchito Yokweza Mpweya wa Carbon mu Makampani a Malasha, Mafuta ndi Gasi Wachilengedwe, ndipo yatulutsa "Zokhudza "Ndondomeko Yoyendetsera Ntchito Yolimbikitsa Kukula Kwabwino Kwambiri kwa Mphamvu Zatsopano mu Nthawi Yatsopano", ikulimbikitsa mwadongosolo kusintha kwa mphamvu kobiriwira ndi mpweya wochepa, ndikupanga mgwirizano wa mfundo. Kulimbitsa kafukufuku pa nkhani zazikulu ndi zovuta, ndikukonza magulu oyenerera kuti achite kafukufuku wozama pa njira zosinthira mphamvu.
Mu gawo lotsatira, National Development and Reform Commission ndi National Energy Administration adzagwiritsa ntchito mokwanira mzimu wa Msonkhano Wachiwiri wa Chipani cha Chikomyunizimu cha China, ndikupitiriza kulimbikitsa "Maganizo Okhudza Kukhazikitsa Lingaliro Latsopano Lachitukuko Konse, Molondola Komanso Mokwanira ndi Kuchita Ntchito Yabwino ya Kusalowererapo kwa Mpweya wa Carbon" ndi "2030 Kukhazikitsa ntchito zofunikira za Ndondomeko Yogwirira Ntchito Yofikira Pachimake cha Mpweya wa Carbon Chaka Chikubwerachi kudzalimbikitsa bwino kukhazikitsa mfundo zingapo zoyendetsera mpweya wa carbon m'gawo lamagetsi. Kuchokera ku mikhalidwe yeniyeni ya dzikolo, tiyenera kutsatira mfundo yoyika patsogolo kukhazikitsidwa, kukhazikitsa tisanaswe, ndikukonzekera zonse, kulimbikitsa mwachangu komanso mwadongosolo kusintha kwa mphamvu zobiriwira ndi mpweya wochepa pamaziko owonetsetsa kuti mphamvu zikupezeka, kulimbikitsa mwamphamvu kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa mpweya wa carbon mu unyolo wamakampani amagetsi, ndikulimbikitsa makampani a malasha. Konzani bwino kuphatikiza ndi mphamvu zatsopano, kulimbitsa luso laukadaulo wamagetsi ndi kusintha kwa machitidwe ndi njira, ndikupereka chitsimikizo champhamvu chobiriwira, chotsika mpweya, komanso chodalirika kuti tikwaniritse cholinga cha kusalowererapo kwa mpweya wa carbon pachimake cha mpweya wa carbon monga momwe zakonzedwera.
Nthawi yotumizira: Dec-06-2022
