Mphamvu ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni ku Carbon Peak. Zaka ziwiri zapitazi kuchokera pamene Mlembi Wamkulu wa Xi Jinping adalengeza za kusalowerera ndale kwa carbon pa nsonga ya carbon, m'madipatimenti onse oyenera m'madera osiyanasiyana aphunzira bwino ndikutsatira mzimu wa zokambirana ndi malangizo a Mlembi Wamkulu wa Xi Jinping, ndikutsatira mosamala zisankho ndi deployments za Komiti Yaikulu ya Party ndi State Council ndi ntchito ya kusintha kusalowerera ndale m'madera osiyanasiyana kumadera akutali, malinga ndi zofunikira za kaboni wobiriwira pamtengo wotsika kwambiri wa carbon. mphamvu yakhala ikukwezedwa mwachangu, mokhazikika komanso mwadongosolo, ndipo zotsatira zochititsa chidwi zapezeka.
1. Kufulumizitsa chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zopanda mafuta
(1) Mphamvu zatsopano zinasunga kukula mofulumira. Konzani ndi kukhazikitsa dongosolo lokonzekera ndi masanjidwe amphamvu zazikulu zamphepo za photovoltaic zomwe zimayang'ana zipululu, Gobi, ndi madera achipululu. Mulingo wonse womwe wakonzedwa ndi pafupifupi ma kilowatts 450 miliyoni. Pakali pano, gulu loyamba la mapulojekiti okwana 95 miliyoni a kilowatt base ayamba kumangidwa, ndipo gulu lachiwiri la mndandanda wa polojekiti waperekedwa. Kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yoyambirira ndikukonzekera ndikukonzekera gulu lachitatu la ntchito zoyambira. Limbikitsani pang'onopang'ono ntchito yoyeserera yogawa chitukuko cha photovoltaic padenga la chigawo chonsecho. Pofika kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June chaka chino, chiwerengero cha projekiti yoyesa dziko lonse chinali 66.15 miliyoni kilowatts. Limbikitsani mwadongosolo ntchito yomanga maziko amphepo zam'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Shandong Peninsula, Yangtze River Delta, kum'mwera kwa Fujian, kum'mawa kwa Guangdong, ndi Beibu Gulf. Kuyambira m’chaka cha 2020, mphamvu yoikidwa ya mphamvu yamphepo yomwe yangowonjezedwa kumene ndi mphamvu yadzuwa yadutsa makilowati 100 miliyoni kwa zaka ziwiri zotsatizana, zomwe zikuchititsa pafupifupi 60% ya mphamvu zonse zopangira magetsi zatsopano m’chakachi. Kukula kosalekeza kwa kupanga magetsi a biomass, pofika kumapeto kwa Julayi chaka chino, mphamvu yopangira mphamvu ya biomass inali 39.67 miliyoni kilowatts. Gwirani ntchito ndi madipatimenti oyenerera kuti mufufuze mwachangu ndikuthandizira chitukuko cha mphamvu ya geothermal ndi mafuta omwe si a chakudya a bio-liquid. Limbikitsani kupanga zoyeserera zamafakitale zanyumba zowonetsera zamafuta a cellulose ethanol zomwe zimatulutsa matani 30,000 pachaka. Dongosolo Lapakatikati ndi Lanthawi Yanthawi Yachitukuko cha Hydrogen Energy Viwanda (2021-2035) linaperekedwa. Mu 2021, kupanga mphamvu zatsopano zapachaka kudzapitirira 1 thililiyoni kWh kwa nthawi yoyamba.
(2) Ntchito yomanga mapulojekiti wamba wamagetsi amagetsi yapita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono. Kugwirizanitsa chitukuko cha mphamvu ya madzi ndi kuteteza chilengedwe, ndikulimbikitsa mwamphamvu kukonzekera mphamvu zamadzi ndi kumanga ntchito zazikulu zopangira mphamvu yamadzi m'mabeseni akuluakulu a mitsinje monga kumtunda kwa mtsinje wa Jinsha, pakati pa mtsinje wa Yalong, ndi kumtunda kwa mtsinje wa Yellow. Malo opangira magetsi a Wudongde ndi Lianghekou Hydropower Stations adakhazikitsidwa kwathunthu. Baihetan Hydropower Station inamalizidwa ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito ndi ma unit 10 kumapeto kwa August chaka chino. Pulojekiti ya Jinsha River Xulong Hydropower Station idavomerezedwa kuti imangidwe kumayambiriro kwa June chaka chino. Kuchokera mu 2021 mpaka June chaka chino, ma kilowatts 6 miliyoni a mphamvu yamadzi wamba ayambika. Pofika kumapeto kwa June chaka chino, mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamtundu wa hydropower inafika pafupifupi ma kilowatts 360 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa ma kilowatts pafupifupi 20 miliyoni m'chaka cha 2020, ndipo pafupifupi 50% ya cholinga chowonjezera ma kilowatts 40 miliyoni panthawi ya "14th Five-year Plan" yatha.
(3) Mphamvu ya nyukiliya imapangitsa kuti ntchito yomanga ikhale yokhazikika. Mogwira ndi mwadongosolo limbikitsani kumanga mphamvu za nyukiliya pansi pa malo owonetsetsa chitetezo. Hualong No. 1, polojekiti ya Guohe No. Mu Januwale 2021, Fuqing No. 5, mulu woyamba padziko lonse wa Hualong No. 1, inamalizidwa ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito. Pofika mwezi wa July chaka chino, dziko langa lili ndi mayunitsi 77 a mphamvu za nyukiliya omwe akugwira ntchito ndipo akumangidwa, ndipo mphamvu zake zimayikidwa ma kilowatts 83.35 miliyoni.
Kupita patsogolo kwabwino kwachitika pakukula bwino komanso koyenera komanso kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mphamvu zamagetsi
(1) Kukula kwaukhondo ndi koyenera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito malasha kukukulirakulirabe. Perekani gawo lonse la mphamvu ya malasha ndi malasha pothandizira ndi kutsimikizira kusintha kwa mphamvu zobiriwira ndi mpweya wochepa. Pitirizani kuchita ntchito yabwino mu "nkhonya zophatikizana" zowonjezera kupanga malasha ndi kuonetsetsa kuti zitheke, kugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo cha malasha ndi ntchito yopereka udindo, kukhazikika kwa ndondomeko ya chitsimikizo cha malasha, kulimbikitsa ndondomeko ya dziko la kupanga malasha, ndi kumasula mosalekeza mphamvu zopanga zotsogola kuti zikhale bwino komanso mokhazikika kuonjezera kupanga malasha. Fufuzani ndikulimbikitsa chiwonetsero choyesa chamagulu otsika komanso kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka malasha. Dinani kwathunthu mphamvu ya malasha yomwe imatulutsa pachimake. Mokhazikika ndi mwadongosolo kulimbikitsa kuthetsa mmbuyo mphamvu kupanga mu makampani malasha mphamvu. Mu 2021, magetsi oyaka ndi malasha adzakhala osakwana 50% ya mphamvu zomwe zayikidwa, kupanga 60% yamagetsi adziko lino, ndikuchita 70% ya ntchito zapamwamba. Tsatirani mokwanira "malumikizidwe atatu" opulumutsa mphamvu ya malasha ndi kuchepetsa mpweya, kusinthasintha ndi kusintha kwa kutentha. Mu 2021, ma kilowatts 240 miliyoni akusintha amalizidwa. Maziko abwino amayalidwa pa cholingacho.
(2) Kukula kwapamwamba kwamafuta ndi gasi kumapita patsogolo. Limbikitsani molimba dongosolo lazaka zisanu ndi ziwiri la kufufuza ndi chitukuko cha mafuta ndi gasi, ndikuwonjezera mwamphamvu kukula kwa kufufuza ndi chitukuko cha mafuta ndi gasi. Mu 2021, kupanga mafuta amafuta kudzakhala matani 199 miliyoni, omwe adakhazikika ndikuyambiranso kwa zaka zitatu zotsatizana, ndipo kupanga gasi kudzakhala ma kiyubiki mita 207.6 biliyoni, ndikuwonjezeka kwa ma kiyubiki mita 10 biliyoni kwa zaka zisanu zotsatizana. Kufulumizitsa chitukuko chachikulu chazinthu zosagwirizana ndi mafuta ndi gasi. Mu 2021, mafuta a shale adzakhala matani 2.4 miliyoni, mpweya wa shale udzakhala 23 biliyoni, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa coalbed methane kudzakhala ma kiyubiki mamita 7.7 biliyoni, kusunga kukula kwabwino. Kufulumizitsa ntchito yomanga zomangamanga zamafuta ndi gasi, kulimbikitsa ntchito yomanga mapaipi amafuta ndi gasi ndi ntchito zazikulu zolumikizirana, ndikuwongoleranso "netiweki yadziko limodzi". Kusungirako gasi wachilengedwe kwasinthidwa mwachangu, ndipo kuchuluka kwa malo osungiramo gasi kwachulukira kawiri pazaka zopitilira zitatu. Limbikitsani mwamphamvu kukhazikitsidwa kwa kukweza kwa mafuta oyengedwa bwino, ndikutsimikiziranso kuperekedwa kwa petulo ndi dizilo zomwe zimakwaniritsa gawo lachisanu ndi chimodzi lovomerezedwa ndi mayiko. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi gasi kudzakhalabe kukula bwino, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi gasi kudzatenga pafupifupi 27.4% ya mphamvu zonse zoyambira magetsi mu 2021.
(3) Kufulumizitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa kusintha koyera kwa mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mapeto. Ndondomeko monga "Maganizo Otsogolera pa Kupititsa patsogolo Kupititsa patsogolo Magetsi a Magetsi" adayambitsidwa kuti apititse patsogolo kupititsa patsogolo magetsi m'madera akuluakulu monga mafakitale, kayendedwe, zomangamanga, ulimi ndi madera akumidzi. Limbikitsani kwambiri kutentha koyera m'chigawo chakumpoto. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2021, malo otenthetsera oyera adzafika pa 15.6 biliyoni masikweya mita, ndi kutentha koyera kwa 73.6%, kupitilira zomwe zidakonzedwa, ndikuchotsa matani opitilira 150 miliyoni a malasha otayirira, zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa PM2.5 ndikuwongolera mpweya wabwino. Limbikitsani ntchito yomanga malo opangira magalimoto amagetsi. Kuyambira mwezi wa July chaka chino, zida zonse za 3.98 miliyoni zamangidwa, zomwe zingathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira za chitukuko cha magalimoto amagetsi. Ziwonetsero zakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za nyukiliya mwatsatanetsatane zachitika. Kutentha kokwanira kwa gawo loyamba ndi lachiwiri la ntchito yotenthetsera mphamvu ya nyukiliya ku Haiyang, Province la Shandong ladutsa mamita lalikulu 5 miliyoni, pozindikira "kuphimba kwathunthu" kwa kutentha kwa nyukiliya ku Haiyang City. Ntchito ya Zhejiang Qinshan Nuclear Energy Heating Project idakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo, kukhala projekiti yoyamba yotenthetsera mphamvu ya nyukiliya kuchigawo chakumwera.
Kupita patsogolo kwapang'onopang'ono pomanga makina atatu atsopano amagetsi
(1) Kutha kugawa mphamvu zamagetsi m'zigawo zonse kwakulitsidwa pang'onopang'ono. Malizitsani ndikuyika ntchito Yazhong-Jiangxi, Northern Shaanxi-Wuhan, Baihetan-Jiangsu UHV DC ndi njira zina zopatsira mphamvu zapakati pazigawo, kufulumizitsa kukwezedwa kwa ntchito za Baihetan-Zhejiang, Fujian-Guangdong zolumikizidwa za DC, ndi Nanyang-Jingmen-Changsha, njira ina yolumikizirana ndi Zhumadian-Wuhan. Kupanga ma projekiti a UHV AC m'zigawo ndi zigawo kumalimbikitsa mwachangu "njira zitatu za AC ndi zisanu ndi zinayi zolunjika" zodutsa zigawo. Konzani ndikulimbikitsa kulumikizana kwa gulu loyamba la mapulojekiti akuluakulu amphamvu amphepo a photovoltaic ku gridi. Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2021, mphamvu zotumizira mphamvu za dzikolo kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kummawa zidzafika pa ma kilowati 290 miliyoni, zomwe ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ma kilowatts 20 miliyoni poyerekeza ndi kumapeto kwa 2020.
(2) Kuthekera kosinthika kosinthika kwadongosolo lamagetsi kwasinthidwa kwambiri. Limbikitsani kusinthika kwa magawo amagetsi a malasha. Pofika kumapeto kwa 2021, kukhazikitsidwa kwa kusintha kosinthika kudzapitilira ma kilowatts 100 miliyoni. Kupanga ndi kutulutsa Dongosolo Lachitukuko Lapakatikati ndi Lalitali la Kusungirako Kopopera (2021-2035), kulimbikitsa kupangidwa kwa mapulani ogwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi zigawo ndi chivomerezo cha ntchito ya projekiti ya "14th Five-year Plan", ndikufulumizitsa ntchito yomanga mapulojekiti omwe ndi ogwirizana ndi chilengedwe, okhala ndi mikhalidwe yokhwima, komanso okhala ndi zizindikiro zabwino kwambiri. Pofika kumapeto kwa June chaka chino, mphamvu yoyikapo posungira inafika pa kilowatts 42 miliyoni. "Mapulani a Zaka Zisanu za 14" New Energy Storage Development Implementation Plan inaperekedwa kuti ifulumizitse kusiyanasiyana, kutukuka kwa mafakitale, ndi chitukuko chachikulu cha kusungirako mphamvu zatsopano. Pofika kumapeto kwa 2021, mphamvu yokhazikitsidwa yosungira mphamvu zatsopano idzapitirira ma kilowatts 4 miliyoni. Limbikitsani ntchito yofulumira yomanga mapulojekiti oyenerera agasi. Pofika kumapeto kwa June chaka chino, mphamvu yoyika mphamvu ya gasi yopangira magetsi inali pafupi ma kilowatts 110 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa kilowatts pafupifupi 10 miliyoni poyerekeza ndi 2020. Kutsogolera madera onse kuti achite ntchito yabwino poyankha zofuna-mbali kuti achepetse kufunika kolemera kwambiri.
Zitsimikizo zinayi zothandizira kusintha mphamvu zikupitiriza kulimbikitsa
(1) Kufulumizitsa kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo waukadaulo wamagetsi. Zambiri zazikuluzikulu zasayansi ndi umisiri zakwaniritsa zotsogola zatsopano, luso lodziyimira pawokha la m'badwo wachitatu wamagetsi a nyukiliya, adamanga gawo lamphamvu yamadzi ya kilowati miliyoni imodzi yokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndikutsitsimutsa mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi yosinthira ma cell a photovoltaic kangapo. Kupita patsogolo kwatsopano kwachitika mu R&D ndikugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje atsopano angapo amagetsi monga kusungirako mphamvu ndi mphamvu ya haidrojeni. Limbikitsani njira zatsopano, pangani ndikupereka "Mapulani a Zaka zisanu za 14 za Sayansi ndi Zamakono Zamakono mu Energy Field", sinthaninso njira zowunikira komanso zowunikira zida zoyamba (zokhazikitsidwa) za zida zazikulu zaukadaulo pantchito yamagetsi, ndikukonzekera kukhazikitsidwa kwa gulu loyamba lamphamvu zamtundu wa R&D ndi nsanja zatsopano.
(2) Kusintha kwa kayendedwe ka mphamvu ndi makina kwakhala kukukulirakulirabe. Inatulutsidwa ndikukhazikitsa "Maganizo Otsogolera pa Kupititsa patsogolo Kumanga kwa National Unified Electricity Market System". Yankhani ndondomeko yoyendetsera ntchito yomanga msika wamagetsi wachigawo chakumwera. Kumanga msika wamagetsi kudakwezedwa mwachangu komanso mosalekeza, ndipo magawo asanu ndi limodzi oyamba oyendetsa magetsi amagetsi kuphatikiza Shanxi adachita ntchito yoyeserera mosadukiza. Mu theka loyamba la chaka chino, msika wa msika wokhudzana ndi msika wamagetsi unali 2.5 thililiyoni kWh, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka cha 45,8%, zomwe zimawerengera pafupifupi 61% ya magetsi a anthu onse. Kupititsa patsogolo kusintha kwa umwini pazamphamvu zatsopano, kufufuza ndikuzindikira ma projekiti angapo ofunika. Limbikitsani kuwongolera kwamitengo ya malasha, mtengo wamagetsi, ndi njira yopangira mitengo yosungiramo, kumasula mtengo wamagetsi a malasha pagridi, kuletsa mtengo wamagetsi wamafakitale ndi malonda, ndikulimbikitsa ogwiritsa ntchito mafakitale ndi malonda kuti alowe mumsika. Kufulumizitsa kupangidwa ndi kukonzanso kwa Energy Law, Coal Law ndi Electric Power Law.
(3) Chitsimikizo cha ndondomeko ya kusintha kwa mphamvu kwasinthidwanso. Anapereka ndi kukhazikitsa "Implementation Plan for Promoting Energy Green and Low-Carbon Transformation to Do a Good Job of Carbon Peaking", "Maganizo pa Kupititsa patsogolo Dongosolo, Mechanism, ndi Ndondomeko za Kusintha kwa Mphamvu Zobiriwira ndi Zochepa za Carbon" ndi Implementation Plan for Carbon Peaking mu Malasha, Mafuta ndi Kupititsa patsogolo Mapulani a Gasi ". Kupititsa patsogolo Kwapamwamba kwa Mphamvu Zatsopano mu Nyengo Yatsopano ", mwadongosolo amalimbikitsa kusintha kwa mphamvu zobiriwira ndi zochepa za carbon, ndikupanga mgwirizano wa ndondomeko.Limbikitsani kafukufuku pazinthu zazikulu ndi zovuta, ndikukonzekera maphwando oyenerera kuti achite kafukufuku wozama pa njira zosinthira mphamvu.
Mu sitepe yotsatira, National Development and Reform Commission ndi National Energy Administration akhazikitsa bwino mzimu wa 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, ndikupitiliza kulimbikitsa "Maganizo pa Kukhazikitsa Kwathunthu, Molondola komanso Mwathunthu Kukwaniritsa Lingaliro Latsopano Lachitukuko ndi Kuchita Ntchito Yabwino ya Carbon Peak Carbon Neutrality" ndi "Kukhazikitsanso Ntchito Yoyang'anira Carbon30". mu Chaka Patsogolo adzakhala mogwira kulimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndondomeko za kukwera kwa mpweya mu gawo la mphamvu kuchokera ku zochitika zenizeni za dziko, tiyenera kutsatira mfundo ya kukhazikitsidwa koyamba, kukhazikitsa pamaso kuswa, ndi kukonzekera wonse, mwachangu ndi mwadongosolo kulimbikitsa mphamvu zobiriwira ndi otsika mpweya kusintha pamaziko a kuonetsetsa kuti mphamvu zogulitsira mphamvu, ndi kusintha mphamvu ya carbon chain, ndi kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yamagetsi, ndi kukonzanso mphamvu zamagetsi, kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Makampani a malasha Konzani kuphatikiza ndi mphamvu zatsopano, limbitsani luso laukadaulo wamagetsi ndikusintha kwadongosolo ndi makina, ndikupereka chitsimikizo chobiriwira, chotsika kaboni, chotetezeka komanso chodalirika kuti akwaniritse cholinga cha kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni pachimake cha kaboni monga momwe zakonzedwera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-06-2022
