Kupanga makina atsopano amagetsi ndi ntchito yovuta komanso yokhazikika. Iyenera kuganizira za mgwirizano wa chitetezo cha magetsi ndi kukhazikika, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zatsopano, komanso mtengo wokwanira wa makinawo nthawi imodzi. Iyenera kuthana ndi ubale pakati pa kusintha koyera kwa magetsi, kulowa bwino kwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa monga mphepo ndi mvula, kumanga kulumikizana kwa gridi yamagetsi ndi kuthekera kothandizana, komanso kugawa bwino zinthu zosinthika. Kukonzekera kwasayansi njira yomangira makina atsopano amagetsi ndiye maziko okwaniritsira cholinga cha carbon peak ndi kuletsa carbon, komanso ndi malire ndi chitsogozo cha chitukuko cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana mumakina atsopano amagetsi.
Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2021, mphamvu ya malasha yoyikidwa ku China idzapitirira ma kilowatts 1.1 biliyoni, zomwe ndi 46.67% ya mphamvu yonse yoyikidwa ya ma kilowatts 2.378 biliyoni, ndipo mphamvu ya malasha yopangidwa idzakhala maola 5042.6 biliyoni, zomwe ndi 60.06% ya mphamvu yonse yopangidwa ya maola 8395.9 biliyoni. Kupsinjika kwa kuchepetsa utsi ndi kwakukulu, kotero ndikofunikira kuchepetsa mphamvu kuti zitsimikizire kuti zinthu zili bwino. Mphamvu ya mphepo ndi dzuwa zomwe zayikidwa ndi ma kilowatts 635 miliyoni, zomwe ndi 11.14% yokha ya mphamvu yonse yopangidwa ndiukadaulo ya ma kilowatts 5.7 biliyoni, ndipo mphamvu yopangira magetsi ndi maola 982.8 biliyoni, zomwe ndi 11.7% yokha ya mphamvu yonse yopangira magetsi. Mphamvu yoyikidwa ndi mphamvu yopangira magetsi ya mphepo ndi dzuwa zili ndi malo ambiri oti ziwongoleredwe, ndipo zikufunika kufulumizitsa kulowa kwa magetsi mu gridi yamagetsi. Pali kusowa kwakukulu kwa zinthu zosinthika zamachitidwe. Mphamvu yokhazikika ya magwero amphamvu osinthika monga malo osungira magetsi ndi kupanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya ndi 6.1% yokha ya mphamvu yonse yoyikidwa. Makamaka, mphamvu yonse yokhazikika ya malo osungira magetsi ndi 36.39 miliyoni kilowatts, zomwe ndi 1.53% yokha ya mphamvu yonse yoyikidwa. Kuyesetsa kuyenera kupangidwa kuti kufulumizitse chitukuko ndi zomangamanga. Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo woyeserera wa digito uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulosera kutulutsa kwa mphamvu zatsopano kumbali yoperekera magetsi, kuwongolera molondola ndikugwiritsira ntchito kuthekera kwa kayendetsedwe ka mbali yofunikira, ndikukulitsa kuchuluka kwa kusintha kosinthika kwa ma jenereta akuluakulu amoto. Kupititsa patsogolo luso la gridi yamagetsi lokonza kugawa kwa zinthu m'malo ambiri kuti athane ndi vuto la kusakwanira kwa mphamvu yolamulira makina. Nthawi yomweyo, mabungwe ena akuluakulu mu dongosololi amatha kupereka ntchito zofanana, monga kukonza malo osungira magetsi ndi kuwonjezera mizere yolumikizira mu gridi yamagetsi kumatha kusintha kuyenda kwa magetsi am'deralo, ndipo kukonza malo osungira magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya kumatha kusintha ma condenser ena. Pankhaniyi, chitukuko chogwirizana cha phunziro lililonse, kugawa bwino zinthu, komanso kupulumutsa ndalama zonse zimadalira kukonzekera kwasayansi komanso koyenera, ndipo ziyenera kuyendetsedwa kuchokera pamlingo waukulu komanso nthawi yayitali.
Mu nthawi yachikhalidwe yamagetsi ya "gwero limatsatira katundu", kukonzekera magetsi ndi gridi yamagetsi ku China kuli ndi mavuto ena. Mu nthawi yamagetsi atsopano okhala ndi chitukuko chofala cha "gwero, gridi, katundu ndi malo osungira", kufunika kwa kukonzekera mogwirizana kukukulitsidwanso. Kusungirako kopopedwa, monga mphamvu yofunikira yoyera komanso yosinthasintha mumakina amagetsi, kumachita gawo lofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti gridi yayikulu yamagetsi ndi yotetezeka, kupereka mphamvu zoyera komanso kukonza magwiridwe antchito amakina. Chofunika kwambiri, tiyenera kulimbitsa chitsogozo cha mapulani ndikuganizira mokwanira kulumikizana pakati pa chitukuko chathu ndi zosowa za makina atsopano amagetsi. Kuyambira pomwe linalowa mu "Dongosolo la Zaka Zisanu ndi Zinayi", boma lakhala likupereka zikalata motsatizana monga Dongosolo la Chitukuko cha Pakati ndi Nthawi Yaitali cha Kusungirako Pomped (2021-2035), Dongosolo la Chitukuko cha Pakati ndi Nthawi Yaitali cha Makampani a Mphamvu ya Hydrogen (2021-2035), ndi Dongosolo la Chitukuko cha Mphamvu Yobwezerezedwanso cha "Dongosolo la Zaka Zisanu ndi Zinayi" (FGNY [2021] No. 1445), koma ndi lokhalo la makampani awa, "Dongosolo la Zaka Zisanu ndi Zinayi" la chitukuko cha mphamvu, lomwe ndi lofunika kwambiri pakukonzekera ndi kutsogolera makampani amagetsi, silinatulutsidwe mwalamulo. Akuti dipatimenti yoyenera dziko lonse iyenera kupereka dongosolo lapakati ndi nthawi yayitali lomanga makina atsopano amagetsi kuti liwongolere kupanga ndi kusintha mapulani ena mumakampani amagetsi, kuti akwaniritse cholinga chokonza bwino kugawa kwa zinthu.
Kupanga Kogwirizana kwa Malo Osungirako Opompedwa ndi Kusungirako Mphamvu Zatsopano
Pofika kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2021, China yayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ma kilowatts 5.7297 miliyoni osungira mphamvu zatsopano, kuphatikizapo 89.7% ya mabatire a lithiamu ion, 5.9% ya mabatire a lead, 3.2% ya mpweya wopanikizika ndi 1.2% ya mitundu ina. Mphamvu yokhazikika yosungira mphamvu yopompedwa ndi ma kilowatts 36.39 miliyoni, kupitirira kasanu ndi kamodzi kuposa mtundu watsopano wa mphamvu. Kusungira mphamvu zatsopano ndi kusungira mphamvu zopompedwa ndi zigawo zofunika kwambiri za dongosolo latsopano lamagetsi. Makonzedwe ogwirizana mu dongosolo lamagetsi angathandize kusangalatsa ubwino wawo ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yolamulira dongosolo. Komabe, pali kusiyana koonekeratu pakati pa ziwirizi pa ntchito ndi momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito.
Kusungira mphamvu zatsopano kumatanthauza ukadaulo watsopano wosungira mphamvu kupatula kusungirako komwe kumapopedwa, kuphatikiza kusungira mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi, flywheel, mpweya wopanikizika, kusungira mphamvu za hydrogen (ammonia), ndi zina zotero. Malo ambiri atsopano osungira mphamvu ali ndi ubwino wa nthawi yochepa yomanga komanso kusankha malo osavuta komanso osinthasintha, koma ndalama zomwe zilipo pano si zabwino. Pakati pawo, sikelo yosungira mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi nthawi zambiri imakhala 10 ~ 100 MW, yokhala ndi liwiro loyankha la makumi mpaka mazana a ma millisecond, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zambiri, komanso kulondola kosintha bwino. Ndi yoyenera kwambiri pazochitika zogawa zometa, nthawi zambiri zolumikizidwa ndi netiweki yogawa magetsi otsika kapena mbali yatsopano ya siteshoni yamagetsi, ndipo imayenera kusintha pafupipafupi komanso mwachangu, monga kusintha kwa ma frequency oyambira ndi kusintha kwa ma frequency achiwiri. Kusungira mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi kumatenga mpweya ngati njira yolumikizira, yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe a mphamvu yayikulu, nthawi zambiri yolipiritsa ndi kutulutsa, komanso moyo wautali wautumiki. Komabe, magwiridwe antchito apano ndi otsika. Kusungira mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi ukadaulo wofanana kwambiri ndi kusungirako komwe kumapopedwa. Pa chipululu, gobi, chipululu ndi madera ena komwe sikoyenera kukonza malo osungiramo zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito pompu, dongosolo la malo osungiramo mphamvu zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wopanikizika lingathandize bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano m'malo akuluakulu okhala ndi malo okongola, okhala ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kopanga zinthu; Mphamvu ya haidrojeni ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chonyamulira mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso m'malo ambiri komanso moyenera. Zinthu zake zosungira mphamvu zambiri komanso zazitali zimatha kulimbikitsa kugawa bwino mphamvu zosiyanasiyana m'madera ndi nyengo zosiyanasiyana. Ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la dongosolo la mphamvu zadziko lamtsogolo ndipo lili ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, malo osungira magetsi opopa ali ndi luso lapamwamba, mphamvu zambiri, nthawi yayitali yogwirira ntchito, kudalirika kwambiri komanso ndalama zabwino. Ndi oyenera zochitika zomwe zimafuna mphamvu zambiri zometa kapena mphamvu zometa, ndipo amalumikizidwa ku netiweki yayikulu pamlingo wapamwamba wamagetsi. Poganizira zofunikira za carbon peak ndi carbon neutralization komanso kuti kupita patsogolo kwa chitukuko cham'mbuyomu kuli kocheperako, kuti kufulumizitse kupita patsogolo kwa malo osungira magetsi opopa ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira pakuwonjezeka mwachangu kwa mphamvu yoyikidwa, liwiro la kumanga malo osungira magetsi opopa ku China lawonjezeka kwambiri. Kumanga kokhazikika ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yothetsera mavuto ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana pambuyo poti malo osungira magetsi opopa alowa nthawi yayitali yopangira, kumanga ndi kupanga. Zimathandiza kufulumizitsa kupita patsogolo kwa kupanga zida ndikuwongolera khalidwe, kulimbikitsa chitetezo ndi dongosolo la zomangamanga, kukonza bwino kupanga, kugwira ntchito ndi kuyang'anira, ndipo ndi chitsimikizo chofunikira pakukula kwa malo osungira magetsi opopa kupita ku njira yowonda.
Nthawi yomweyo, chitukuko chosiyanasiyana cha malo osungiramo madzi opopera chimayamikiridwanso pang'onopang'ono. Choyamba, dongosolo lapakati ndi lalitali la malo osungiramo madzi opopera likufuna kulimbitsa chitukuko cha malo osungiramo madzi opopera ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati. Malo osungiramo madzi opopera ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati ali ndi ubwino wa zinthu zambiri pamalopo, kapangidwe kosinthasintha, kuyandikira malo osungiramo katundu, komanso kuphatikizana kwamphamvu ndi mphamvu zatsopano zogawidwa, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa malo osungiramo madzi opopera. Chachiwiri ndi kufufuza chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malo osungiramo madzi opopera m'madzi a m'nyanja. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya mphepo ya m'nyanja yolumikizidwa ndi gridi kuyenera kukonzedwa ndi zinthu zosinthika zosinthika. Malinga ndi Chidziwitso Chofalitsa Zotsatira za Kuwerengera kwa Resource Census of Seawater Pumped Storage Power Plants (GNXN [2017] No. 68) chomwe chinatulutsidwa mu 2017, zinthu zosungiramo madzi opopera m'madzi a m'nyanja ku China makamaka zili m'madera akum'mawa ndi zilumba za madera asanu akum'mawa kwa gombe ndi madera atatu akum'mwera kwa gombe, Ili ndi chiyembekezo chabwino cha chitukuko. Pomaliza, mphamvu yokhazikika ndi maola ogwiritsira ntchito zimaganiziridwa zonse pamodzi ndi kufunika kwa malamulo a gridi yamagetsi. Popeza kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zatsopano kukuchulukirachulukira komanso kukhala gwero lalikulu la mphamvu mtsogolo, mphamvu zambiri komanso kusungira mphamvu kwa nthawi yayitali zidzafunika. Pa siteshoni yoyenera, iyenera kuganiziridwa moyenera kuti iwonjezere mphamvu zosungira ndikuwonjezera maola ogwiritsira ntchito, ndipo sidzayang'aniridwa ndi zinthu monga mtengo wa unit capacity index ndipo idzalekanitsidwa ndi kufunikira kwa dongosololi.
Chifukwa chake, pakadali pano pomwe makina amagetsi aku China ali ndi kusowa kwakukulu kwa zinthu zosinthika, malo osungiramo magetsi ndi malo atsopano osungira magetsi ali ndi mwayi waukulu wotukuka. Malinga ndi kusiyana kwa makhalidwe awo aukadaulo, pansi pa lingaliro loti aganizire mokwanira za zochitika zosiyanasiyana zopezera magetsi, kuphatikiza zosowa zenizeni za makina amagetsi am'deralo, komanso zoletsedwa ndi chitetezo, kukhazikika, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zoyera komanso mikhalidwe ina yamalire, kapangidwe kogwirizana kuyenera kuchitika mu mphamvu ndi kapangidwe kake kuti zitheke bwino.
Mphamvu ya njira yogulira magetsi pa chitukuko cha malo osungiramo zinthu zopopedwa
Malo osungira magetsi opompedwa amatumikira makina onse amagetsi, kuphatikizapo magetsi, gridi yamagetsi ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, ndipo onse amapindula nawo m'njira yosapikisana komanso yosasankha. Malinga ndi zachuma, zinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi malo osungira magetsi opompedwa ndi zinthu za boma zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi makina amagetsi ndipo zimapereka ntchito za boma kuti makina amagetsi azigwira ntchito bwino.
Asanasinthe makina amagetsi, boma lidapereka mfundo zowunikira momveka bwino kuti malo osungira magetsi omwe amapopedwa makamaka amatumikira gridi yamagetsi, ndipo amayendetsedwa makamaka ndi makampani ogwira ntchito pa gridi yamagetsi mwanjira yogwirizana kapena yobwereka. Panthawiyo, boma lidapanga mofanana mtengo wamagetsi pa gridi yamagetsi ndi mtengo wamagetsi wogulitsa. Ndalama zazikulu za gridi yamagetsi zimachokera ku kusiyana kwa mtengo wogula ndi wogulitsa. Ndondomeko yomwe inalipo idafotokoza kuti mtengo wosungira magetsi uyenera kubwezedwa kuchokera ku kusiyana kwa mtengo wogula ndi wogulitsa wa gridi yamagetsi, ndikulumikiza njira yodulira magetsi.
Pambuyo pa kusintha kwa mtengo wamagetsi otumizira ndi kugawa, Chidziwitso cha National Development and Reform Commission pa Nkhani Zokhudzana ndi Kukweza Njira Yopangira Mitengo ya Mafakitale Osungirako Magesi Opopa (FGJG [2014] No. 1763) chinanena momveka bwino kuti mtengo wamagetsi wa magawo awiri unagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi osungirako opopa, zomwe zinatsimikiziridwa motsatira mfundo ya mtengo wokwanira kuphatikiza ndalama zovomerezeka. Ndalama zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kutayika kwa magetsi opopa kwa magetsi osungirako opopa zikuphatikizidwa mu akaunti yogwirizana ya mtengo wogwirira ntchito wa gridi yamagetsi yachigawo (kapena gridi yamagetsi yachigawo) ngati chinthu chosinthira mtengo wamagetsi ogulitsa, koma njira yotumizira ndalama sinakonzedwe. Pambuyo pake, National Development and Reform Commission idatulutsa zikalata motsatizana mu 2016 ndi 2019, zomwe zikunena kuti ndalama zoyenera za magetsi osungirako opopa sizikuphatikizidwa mu ndalama zololedwa zamakampani amagetsi, ndipo ndalama za magetsi osungirako opopa sizikuphatikizidwa mu mtengo wotumizira ndi kugawa, zomwe zinalepheretsa njira yoyendetsera mtengo wosungirako opopa. Kuphatikiza apo, kukula kwa malo osungiramo zinthu zopopedwa panthawi ya "Ndondomeko ya Zaka Zisanu ya 13" kunali kotsika kwambiri kuposa momwe amayembekezeredwa chifukwa cha kusamvetsetsa bwino momwe malo osungiramo zinthu zopopedwa analili panthawiyo komanso momwe ndalama zimakhalira.
Pokumana ndi vuto ili, Maganizo a National Development and Reform Commission on Further Improvement the Pricing Mechanism of Pumped Storage Energy (FGJG [2021] No. 633) adayambitsidwa mu Meyi 2021. Ndondomekoyi yafotokoza mwasayansi mfundo yamtengo wamagetsi yamagetsi. Kumbali imodzi, kuphatikiza ndi mfundo yeniyeni yakuti mphamvu yosungiramo yopumira ndi yolimba ndipo mtengo wake sungabwezeretsedwe kudzera mumagetsi, njira yogulira mitengo ya nthawi yogwirira ntchito idagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsimikizira mtengo wamagetsi ndikubwezeretsanso kudzera mumtengo wotumizira ndi kugawa; Kumbali ina, kuphatikiza ndi liwiro la kusintha kwa msika wamagetsi, msika wamagetsi waposachedwa ukufufuzidwa. Kuyambitsidwa kwa ndondomekoyi kwalimbikitsa kwambiri kufunitsitsa kwa anthu okhudzidwa ndi ndalama, ndikuyika maziko olimba a chitukuko chofulumira cha malo osungiramo opumira. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, mphamvu ya mapulojekiti osungiramo opumira omwe akuyamba kugwira ntchito, akumangidwa komanso akukwezedwa yafika pa ma kilowatts 130 miliyoni. Ngati mapulojekiti onse omwe akumangidwa ndi omwe akukwezedwa ayamba kugwira ntchito isanafike chaka cha 2030, izi ndi zokwera kuposa zomwe akuyembekezera kuti "ma kilowatts 120 miliyoni adzayamba kupanga pofika chaka cha 2030" mu Dongosolo Lapakati ndi Lalikulu Lopanga Malo Osungirako Mapampu (2021-2035). Poyerekeza ndi njira yachikhalidwe yopangira mphamvu zamagetsi, mtengo wochepa wopanga mphamvu zatsopano monga mphepo ndi mphamvu ndi pafupifupi zero, koma mtengo wogwirizana ndi makina ogwiritsira ntchito ndi waukulu ndipo ulibe njira yogawa ndi kutumiza. Pankhaniyi, pakusinthira mphamvu, pazinthu zomwe zili ndi mphamvu zamphamvu monga kusungirako mapampu, chithandizo cha mfundo ndi chitsogozo ndizofunikira pachiyambi cha chitukuko kuti zitsimikizire kuti chitukuko chamakampani chikuyenda mwachangu. Pansi pa chilengedwe chokhazikika chomwe kukula kwa malo osungiramo mapampu ku China kuli kumbuyo pang'ono ndipo nthawi yochepetsera mpweya wa carbon peak ndi yochepa, kuyambitsidwa kwa mfundo yatsopano yamitengo yamagetsi kwakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakulimbikitsa chitukuko cha makampani osungira mapampu.
Kusintha kwa mbali yopereka mphamvu kuchokera ku mphamvu yachilengedwe kupita ku mphamvu yongowonjezwdwa nthawi ndi nthawi kumatsimikizira kuti mtengo waukulu wamagetsi umasintha kuchokera ku mtengo wa mafuta kupita ku mtengo wa mphamvu yongowonjezwdwa komanso malamulo osinthasintha omanga zinthu. Chifukwa cha zovuta komanso momwe kusinthaku kukuyendera kwa nthawi yayitali, njira yokhazikitsira makina opanga mphamvu ochokera ku malasha aku China ndi makina atsopano amagetsi ochokera ku mphamvu yongowonjezwdwa adzakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimatipangitsa kuti tilimbikitse kwambiri cholinga cha nyengo chokweza mpweya wa kaboni ndi kuletsa mpweya wa kaboni. Poyamba kusintha kwa mphamvu, kumanga zomangamanga komwe kwapereka chithandizo chachikulu pakulimbikitsa kusintha kwa mphamvu yoyera kuyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi mfundo ndi msika, kuchepetsa kusokoneza ndi chitsogozo cholakwika cha kufunafuna phindu lalikulu pa njira yonse, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti njira yoyenera yosinthira mphamvu yoyera komanso yopanda mpweya wa kaboni.
Ndi chitukuko chokwanira cha mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa komanso pang'onopang'ono kukhala wogulitsa magetsi wamkulu, kumanga msika wamagetsi ku China kukukula komanso kukhwima nthawi zonse. Zinthu zosinthika zowongolera zidzakhala zofunikira kwambiri mu dongosolo latsopano lamagetsi, ndipo kupereka malo osungiramo zinthu zopopedwa ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zatsopano kudzakhala kokwanira. Panthawiyo, kumanga mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa ndi zinthu zosinthika zowongolera kudzayendetsedwa makamaka ndi mphamvu zamsika, Njira yogulira zinthu zopopedwa ndi mabungwe ena akuluakulu idzawonetsadi ubale pakati pa kupezeka ndi kufunikira kwa msika, kuwonetsa mpikisano wonse.
Kumvetsetsa bwino momwe kusungirako komwe kumapopedwa kumachepetsera mpweya woipa
Malo osungira magetsi opompa ali ndi ubwino waukulu wosunga mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa utsi. Mu dongosolo lamagetsi lachikhalidwe, udindo wa malo osungira magetsi opompa pakusunga mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa utsi umaonekera kwambiri m'mbali ziwiri. Choyamba ndikusintha mphamvu ya kutentha mu dongosolo kuti ilamulire kuchuluka kwa katundu, kupanga mphamvu pa kuchuluka kwa katundu, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mayunitsi oyambira ndi kuzimitsa kutentha kuti ilamulire kuchuluka kwa katundu, ndi kupompa madzi pa kuchuluka kochepa, kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi, motero azichita ntchito yosunga mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa utsi. Chachiwiri ndikuchita ntchito yoteteza ndi kukhazikika monga kusintha kwa ma frequency, kusintha kwa gawo, kusungira kozungulira ndi kusungira kwadzidzidzi, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi onse mu dongosolo pamene mukusintha mayunitsi amagetsi amagetsi kuti asungidwe mwadzidzidzi, kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito malasha kwa mayunitsi amagetsi amagetsi ndikupeza ntchito yosunga mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa utsi.
Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yatsopano yamagetsi, njira yosungira mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa mpweya woipa kuchokera ku malo osungira mphamvu omwe amapopedwa ikuwonetsa makhalidwe atsopano pamaziko omwe alipo. Kumbali imodzi, idzachita gawo lalikulu pakumeta molunjika kuti ithandize kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri zamphepo ndi zina zatsopano, zomwe zibweretsa phindu lalikulu pa kuchepetsa mpweya woipa ku dongosolo lonse; Kumbali ina, idzachita ntchito yotetezeka komanso yokhazikika monga kusintha kwa ma frequency, kusintha kwa gawo ndi kusinthasintha kwa mpweya kuti ithandize dongosolo kuthana ndi mavuto monga kutulutsa mphamvu zatsopano kosakhazikika komanso kusowa kwa inertia komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zida zamagetsi zamagetsi, kupititsa patsogolo kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zatsopano zomwe zimalowa mu dongosolo lamagetsi, kuti achepetse mpweya woipa womwe umayambitsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zakale. Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kufunikira kwa dongosolo lamagetsi zimaphatikizapo makhalidwe a katundu, kuchuluka kwa kulumikizana kwa gridi yatsopano yamagetsi ndi kutumiza mphamvu zakunja m'madera osiyanasiyana. Pakumanga dongosolo latsopano lamagetsi, momwe kulumikizana kwa gridi yatsopano yamagetsi kumakhudzira kufunika kwa dongosolo lamagetsi pang'onopang'ono kumaposa makhalidwe a katundu, ndipo gawo la kuchepetsa mpweya woipa wa kaboni wa malo osungira mphamvu omwe amapopedwa munjira iyi lidzakhala lofunika kwambiri.
China ili ndi ntchito yochepa komanso yolemetsa yokwaniritsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya woipa komanso kuletsa mpweya woipa. Bungwe la National Development and Reform Commission linatulutsa Ndondomeko Yowongolera Kulamulira Kawiri kwa Mphamvu Yogwiritsidwa Ntchito ndi Chiwerengero Chonse (FGHZ [2021] No. 1310) kuti ipereke zizindikiro zowongolera mpweya woipa m'madera onse a dzikolo kuti ziwongolere kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera. Chifukwa chake, nkhani yomwe ingathandize kuchepetsa mpweya woipa iyenera kuyesedwa bwino ndikupatsidwa chisamaliro choyenera. Komabe, pakadali pano, ubwino wochepetsa mpweya woipa wa mpweya woipa wochokera ku malo osungira mpweya wopompedwa sunazindikirike bwino. Choyamba, mayunitsi oyenerera alibe maziko monga njira ya kaboni pakuwongolera mphamvu za malo osungira magetsi, ndipo chachiwiri, mfundo zogwirira ntchito za malo osungira magetsi m'madera ena akunja kwa makampani opanga magetsi sizikumveka bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuwerengera kwa mpweya wa kaboni kwa oyendetsa ena oyendetsa malonda a mpweya wa kaboni ku malo osungira magetsi osungira magetsi motsatira malangizo a bizinesi (yuniti) yowerengera ndi kupereka malipoti a mpweya wa kaboni dioxide, ndikutenga magetsi onse opompedwa ngati maziko owerengera mpweya. Malo osungira magetsi opompedwa akhala "malo otulutsira mpweya", zomwe zimabweretsa zovuta zambiri pakugwira ntchito kwabwinobwino kwa malo osungira magetsi opompedwa, komanso zimayambitsa kusamvana kwakukulu kwa anthu.
Pakapita nthawi, kuti timvetse bwino momwe mpweya woipa umakhudzira kuchepetsa mpweya woipa wa malo osungiramo mpweya ndikuwongolera njira yake yoyendetsera mphamvu, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa njira yoyenera pamodzi ndi ubwino wonse wochepetsa mpweya woipa wa malo osungiramo mpweya woipa pamakina amagetsi, kuyeza ubwino wochepetsa mpweya woipa wa malo osungiramo mpweya woipa, ndikupanga cholowa chotsutsana ndi kuchuluka kosakwanira mkati, komwe kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pa malonda akunja a kaboni. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuyamba kosamveka bwino kwa CCER ndi malire a 5% pa mpweya woipa, palinso kusatsimikizika pakukula kwa njira. Kutengera momwe zinthu zilili pano, tikulimbikitsanso kuti mphamvu yonse yosinthira itengedwe ngati chizindikiro chachikulu chowongolera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse komanso zolinga zosungira mphamvu za malo osungiramo mpweya woipa pamlingo wadziko lonse, kuti tichepetse zopinga pakukula kwabwino kwa malo osungiramo mpweya woipa mtsogolo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-29-2022
