Dipatimenti ya Drainage Services ya Boma la Hong Kong Special Administrative Region yadzipereka kuthandiza kuchepetsa kusintha kwanyengo padziko lonse lapansi. Kwa zaka zambiri, zida zopulumutsa mphamvu komanso zowonjezereka zakhazikitsidwa m'zomera zake. Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kovomerezeka kwa "Harbour Purification Plan Phase II" ya Hong Kong, dipatimenti ya Drainage Services yakhazikitsa makina opangira magetsi opangira ma hydraulic turbine ku Stonecutters Island Sewage Treatment Plant (malo opangira zimbudzi omwe ali ndi zimbudzi zazikulu kwambiri ku Hong Kong), zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya hydraulic ya zinyalala zomwe zikuyenda kuyendetsa makina opangira magetsi pamalo opangira magetsi. Pepalali likuwonetsa dongosololi, kuphatikiza zovuta zomwe zimakumana nazo pakukhazikitsa ma projekiti oyenerera, malingaliro ndi mawonekedwe a kamangidwe ka dongosolo ndi kamangidwe, komanso magwiridwe antchito a dongosolo. Dongosololi silimangothandiza kupulumutsa ndalama zamagetsi, komanso limagwiritsa ntchito madzi kuchepetsa mpweya wa carbon.
1 Chidziwitso cha polojekiti
Gawo lachiwiri A la "Harbour Purification Plan" ndi dongosolo lalikulu lomwe likugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Boma la Hong Kong Special Administrative Region kuti lipititse patsogolo madzi a Victoria Harbor. Idagwiritsidwa ntchito mwalamulo mu Disembala 2015. Kukula kwake kwa ntchito kumaphatikizapo kumanga ngalande yakuya yachimbudzi yokhala ndi kutalika pafupifupi 21km ndi 163m pansi, kunyamula zimbudzi zomwe zimapangidwa kumpoto ndi kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa chilumbachi kupita ku Stonecutters Island Sewage Treatment Plant, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yachimbudzi yachimbudzi cham'madzi, 2455 × 2. kwa nzika pafupifupi 5.7 miliyoni. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa nthaka, Stonecutters Island Sewage Treatment Plant imagwiritsa ntchito akasinja 46 a matanki apawiri opangira zinyalala popangira mankhwala opangira zinyalala, ndipo ma seti awiri aliwonse a akasinja otayira amagawana tsinde (ndiko kuti, ma shaft 23) kuti atumize zimbudzi zoyeretsedwa ku chimbudzi chakuya chakuya, kenako kupha chitoliro chakuya.
2 Zofunikira pakufufuza koyambirira ndi chitukuko
Poganizira kuchuluka kwa zimbudzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Stonecutters Island Sewage Treatment Plant tsiku lililonse komanso kapangidwe kapadera kagawo kakang'ono kawiri ka thanki yake yamadzi, imatha kupereka mphamvu yamtundu wina wa hydraulic pomwe imatulutsa zimbudzi zoyeretsedwa kuyendetsa jenereta ya turbine kupanga magetsi. Gulu la dipatimenti ya Drainage Services kenako lidachita kafukufuku wofunikira mu 2008 ndikuyesa mayeso angapo. Zotsatira za maphunziro oyambilirawa zimatsimikizira kuthekera koyika ma generator a turbine.
Malo oyika: mu shaft ya sedimentation thanki; Kuthamanga kwamadzi kogwira mtima: 4.5 ~ 6m (mapangidwe enieni amadalira zochitika zenizeni zogwirira ntchito m'tsogolomu komanso malo enieni a turbine); Mayendedwe osiyanasiyana: 1.1 ~ 1.25 m3 / s; Mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu: 45 ~ 50 kW; Zida ndi zida: Popeza kuti zimbudzi zoyeretsedwa zimakhalabe ndi dzimbiri, zida zosankhidwa ndi zida zofananira ziyenera kukhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira komanso kukana dzimbiri.
Pachifukwa ichi, Dipatimenti ya Drainage Services yasungira malo a matanki awiri otayira m'malo oyeretsera zimbudzi kuti akhazikitse makina opangira magetsi opangira magetsi mu pulojekiti yowonjezera "Harbour Purification Project Phase II A".
3 Zolinga Zopangira Kapangidwe Kachitidwe ndi Zomwe Zapangidwira
3.1 Mphamvu yopangidwa ndi madzi komanso kuthamanga kwamadzi
Ubale pakati pa mphamvu yamagetsi yopangidwa ndi mphamvu ya hydrodynamic ndi mphamvu yamadzi yogwira ntchito ndi motere: mphamvu yamagetsi yopangidwa (kW) =[kachulukidwe ka zimbudzi zoyeretsedwa ρ (kg/m3) × Kuthamanga kwa madzi Q (m3/s) × Kuthamanga kwamadzi kwamphamvu H (m) × Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yokoka g (9.807 m/s10)0 ÷07 m/s2)0 ÷07 m/s2)]
× Kuchita bwino kwadongosolo lonse (%). Kuthamanga kwamadzi kogwira mtima ndiko kusiyana pakati pa mlingo waukulu wovomerezeka wa madzi a shaft ndi mlingo wa madzi a shaft yoyandikana ndi madzi oyenda.
Mwa kuyankhula kwina, kumtunda kwa kuthamanga kwa kuthamanga ndi kuthamanga kwa madzi kogwira mtima, mphamvu zambiri zimapangidwira. Choncho, kuti apange mphamvu zambiri, chimodzi mwa zolinga zopangidwira ndikupangitsa kuti makina opangira magetsi azitha kulandira madzi othamanga kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwa madzi.
3.2 Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za mapangidwe adongosolo
Choyamba, ponena za mapangidwe, makina opangira magetsi omwe angoikidwa kumene sayenera kukhudza momwe angagwiritsire ntchito bwino malo opangira zimbudzi momwe angathere. Mwachitsanzo, dongosololi liyenera kukhala ndi zida zodzitchinjiriza zoyenera kuteteza thanki yakumtunda kwa sedimentation kuti isasefukire zimbudzi zoyeretsedwa chifukwa chowongolera molakwika. Magawo ogwiritsira ntchito amatsimikiziridwa panthawi yopanga: kuthamanga kwa 1.06 ～ 1.50m3 / s, kuthamanga kwamadzi kogwira mtima 24 ～ 52kPa.
Komanso, popeza zimbudzi zoyeretsedwa ndi thanki sedimentation akadali ndi zinthu zowononga, monga hydrogen sulfide ndi mchere, zonse turbine dongosolo chigawo chimodzi zipangizo kukhudzana ndi zimbudzi oyeretsedwa ayenera dzimbiri kugonjetsedwa (monga duplex zosapanga dzimbiri zipangizo nthawi zambiri ntchito zimbudzi mankhwala zipangizo), kuti patsogolo kulimba kwa dongosolo yokonza ndi kuchepetsa kulimba kwa dongosolo kukonza.
Pankhani ya mapangidwe amagetsi amagetsi, popeza mphamvu yopangira magetsi opangira zimbudzi sizokhazikika kwathunthu pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, dongosolo lonse lamagetsi limalumikizidwa limodzi ndi gululi kuti likhalebe lodalirika. Kulumikizana kwa gridi kudzakonzedwa motsatira malangizo aukadaulo olumikizira ma gridi operekedwa ndi kampani yamagetsi ndi dipatimenti ya Electrical and Mechanical Services ya Boma la Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Pankhani ya kamangidwe ka chitoliro, kuwonjezera pa zoletsedwa za malo omwe alipo, kufunikira kokonzekera ndi kukonza dongosolo kumaganiziridwanso. Pachifukwa ichi, dongosolo loyambirira loyika makina opangira magetsi a hydraulic mu thanki yokhazikitsira shaft yomwe yaperekedwa mu projekiti ya R&D yasinthidwa. M'malo mwake, zimbudzi zoyeretsedwa zimatsogozedwa kuchokera ku shaft ndi mmero ndikutumizidwa ku hydraulic turbine, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri zovuta ndi nthawi yokonza ndikuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa ntchito yachibadwa ya zomera zowonongeka.
Poganizira kuti thanki ya matope nthawi zina imayenera kuyimitsidwa kuti isamalidwe, kukhosi kwa makina opangira magetsi kumalumikizidwa ndi ma shaft awiri a seti zinayi za matanki ogwetsera dothi. Ngakhale ma seti awiri a matanki otayira atayima, matanki ena awiri athanzi amathanso kupereka zimbudzi zoyeretsedwa, kuyendetsa makina opangira magetsi, ndikupitiliza kupanga magetsi. Kuonjezera apo, malo asungidwa pafupi ndi tsinde la 47/49 # sedimentation thanki kuti akhazikitse dongosolo lachiwiri la hydraulic turbine power generation m'tsogolomu, kotero kuti pamene magulu anayi a matanki amatope akugwira ntchito bwino, makina awiri opangira mphamvu zamagetsi amatha kupanga mphamvu nthawi imodzi, kufika pa mphamvu yamphamvu kwambiri.
3.3 Kusankhidwa kwa hydraulic turbine ndi jenereta
Hydraulic turbine ndiye zida zazikulu zamakina onse opanga magetsi. Ma turbines amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri molingana ndi mfundo yoyendetsera ntchito: mtundu wa pulse ndi mtundu wamachitidwe. Kutengera mtundu ndi kuti madzimadzi akuwombera tsamba la turbine pa liwiro lalikulu kudzera mu nozzles angapo, kenako amayendetsa jenereta kuti apange mphamvu. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimadutsa mumtundu wa turbine kudzera mumadzimadzi, ndipo zimagwiritsa ntchito kuthamanga kwa madzi kuti ziyendetse jenereta kuti apange mphamvu. Mu kapangidwe kameneka, potengera kuti zimbudzi zoyeretsedwa zimatha kupereka kuthamanga kwamadzi otsika poyenda, turbine ya Kaplan, imodzi mwamitundu yoyenera kwambiri, imasankhidwa, chifukwa turbine iyi imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri pamagetsi otsika amadzi ndipo imakhala yopyapyala, yomwe ili yoyenera kwambiri malo ochepa omwe ali pamalopo.
Pankhani ya jenereta, jenereta yokhazikika ya maginito synchronous yoyendetsedwa ndi liwiro lokhazikika la hydraulic turbine imasankhidwa. Jenereta iyi imatha kutulutsa magetsi okhazikika komanso pafupipafupi kuposa jenereta ya asynchronous, kotero imatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yamagetsi, kupanga gridi yofananira kukhala yosavuta, komanso kumafuna kukonza pang'ono.
4 Zomangamanga ndi ntchito
4.1 Kukonzekera kofanana kwa Gridi
Kulumikizana kwa gridi kudzachitidwa molingana ndi malangizo aukadaulo olumikizira ma gridi operekedwa ndi kampani yamagetsi ndi dipatimenti ya Electrical and Mechanical Services ya Boma la Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Malinga ndi malangizo, mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa mphamvu mphamvu mphamvu dongosolo ayenera okonzeka ndi odana Islanding chitetezo ntchito, amene angathe kudzipatula yoyenera zongowonjezwdwa mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa dongosolo mphamvu kugawa dongosolo pamene gululi mphamvu amasiya kupereka mphamvu pazifukwa zilizonse, kotero kuti mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa mphamvu mphamvu dongosolo sangathe kupitiriza kupereka mphamvu ku kachitidwe kugawa, kuti atsimikizire chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito zomangamanga magetsi ntchito pa gululi kapena dongosolo kugawa.
Pankhani ya synchronous ntchito ya magetsi, mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa mphamvu zopangira mphamvu ndi njira yogawa imatha kulumikizidwa pokhapokha mphamvu ya voteji, mbali ya gawo kapena kusiyana kwafupipafupi kumayendetsedwa mkati mwa malire ovomerezeka.
4.2 Kuwongolera ndi chitetezo
Makina opangira magetsi a hydraulic turbine amatha kuwongoleredwa mwanjira yodziwikiratu kapena yamanja. Mu mode basi, mitsinje ya sedimentation thanki 47/49 # kapena 51/53 # angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati gwero la mphamvu hayidiroliki, ndi dongosolo kulamulira adzayamba osiyana mavavu kulamulira malinga ndi deta kusakhulupirika kusankha bwino kwambiri matope thanki, kuti konza mphamvu ya hayidiroliki chopangira mphamvu magetsi. Kuonjezera apo, valavu yolamulira idzangosintha mlingo wa madzi otsekemera kumtunda kuti thanki ya sedimentation isasefukire zonyansa zoyeretsedwa, motero kuwonjezera mphamvu yopangira mphamvu kumtunda wapamwamba. Dongosolo la jenereta la turbine limatha kuyendetsedwa muchipinda chachikulu chowongolera kapena pamalopo.
Pankhani ya chitetezo ndi kuwongolera, ngati bokosi lamagetsi kapena valavu yowongolera ya turbine yalephera kapena mulingo wamadzi upitilira mulingo wovomerezeka wamadzi, makina opangira magetsi opangira ma hydraulic turbine amathanso kuyimitsa ntchito ndikutulutsa zimbudzi zoyeretsedwa kudzera papaipi yolambalala, kuti ateteze thanki yoyipitsira kumtunda kuti isasefukire zimbudzi zoyeretsedwa chifukwa cha kulephera kwa dongosolo.
5 Kugwira ntchito kwadongosolo
Dongosolo lamagetsi la hydraulic turbine lamagetsi lidayamba kugwira ntchito kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2018, ndikutulutsa kwapamwezi kopitilira 10000 kW · h. Kuthamanga kwamadzi komwe kungathe kuyendetsa magetsi opangira magetsi a hydraulic turbine kumasinthanso ndi nthawi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa ndikutsukidwa ndi chimbudzi tsiku lililonse. Pofuna kukulitsa mphamvu yopangidwa ndi makina opangira magetsi, dipatimenti ya Drainage Services yapanga njira yowongolera kuti ingosintha makina opangira ma turbine malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zimbudzi zatsiku ndi tsiku, potero kuwongolera mphamvu yopanga mphamvu. Chithunzi 7 chikuwonetsa mgwirizano pakati pa njira yopangira mphamvu ndi kayendedwe ka madzi. Madzi akamadutsa mulingo wokhazikitsidwa, dongosololi lizigwira ntchito kuti lipange magetsi.
6 Zovuta ndi Zothetsera
Dipatimenti ya Drainage Services yakumana ndi zovuta zambiri pogwira ntchito zoyenera, ndipo yapanga mapulani ofananirako pothana ndi zovutazi,
7 Mapeto
Ngakhale zovuta zosiyanasiyana, dongosolo ili la hydraulic turbine power generation power generation linagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2018. Pafupifupi mwezi uliwonse mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi ndi yoposa 10000 kW · h, yomwe ili yofanana ndi mphamvu ya mwezi uliwonse ya nyumba za 25 Hong Kong (avareji ya mwezi uliwonse yamagetsi a nyumba iliyonse ya Hong Kong mu 2018 · 2018). Dipatimenti ya Drainage Services yadzipereka "kupereka chithandizo cham'madzi padziko lonse lapansi ndi madzi amvula ndi madzi amvula kuti apititse patsogolo chitukuko chokhazikika cha Hong Kong", pamene akulimbikitsa chitetezo cha chilengedwe ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Pogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zowonjezera, Dipatimenti ya Drainage Services imagwiritsa ntchito biogas, mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mphamvu zochokera kumadzi oyeretsedwa kuti apange mphamvu zowonjezera. M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, mphamvu zowonjezera pachaka zomwe zimatulutsidwa ndi Dipatimenti ya Drainage Services ndi pafupifupi 27 miliyoni kW · h, zomwe zingathe kukwaniritsa zosowa za mphamvu za 9% ya Dipatimenti ya Drainage Services. Dipatimenti ya Drainage Services idzapitirizabe kulimbikitsa ndi kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-22-2022
