Tsukani turbine yamadzi ndi mphamvu kapena mphamvu ya kinetic, ndipo turbine yamadzi imayamba kuzungulira. Ngati tilumikiza jenereta ku turbine yamadzi, jenereta ikhoza kuyamba kupanga magetsi. Ngati tikweza madzi kuti titulutse turbine, liwiro la turbine lidzawonjezeka. Chifukwa chake, kusiyana kwakukulu kwa madzi, mphamvu ya kinetic yomwe turbine ipeza imakhala yayikulu, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi yosinthika imakhala yayikulu. Iyi ndiye mfundo yoyambira ya mphamvu yamadzi.
Njira yosinthira mphamvu ndi iyi: mphamvu yokoka ya madzi akumtunda imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu ya kinetic ya madzi oyenda. Madzi akamayenda kudzera mu turbine, mphamvu ya kinetic imasamutsidwira ku turbine, ndipo turbine imayendetsa jenereta kuti isinthe mphamvu ya kinetic kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Chifukwa chake, ndi njira yosinthira mphamvu yamakina kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi.
Chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yachilengedwe ya malo opangira magetsi amadzi, mphamvu ndi liwiro la mayunitsi a hydro generator zimasiyana kwambiri. Kawirikawiri, majenereta ang'onoang'ono a hydro ndi majenereta a hydro othamanga kwambiri omwe amayendetsedwa ndi ma turbine a impulse nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe opingasa, pomwe majenereta akuluakulu ndi apakatikati nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe oyima. Popeza malo ambiri opangira magetsi amadzi ali kutali ndi mizinda, nthawi zambiri amafunika kupereka mphamvu ku katundu kudzera m'mizere yayitali yotumizira, chifukwa chake, makina amagetsi amapereka zofunikira zapamwamba kuti majenereta a hydro akhale olimba: magawo a mota ayenera kusankhidwa mosamala; Zofunikira pa nthawi ya inertia ya rotor ndi zazikulu. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe a hydro generator ndi osiyana ndi a steam turbine generator. Dayamita yake ya rotor ndi yayikulu ndipo kutalika kwake ndi kochepa. Nthawi yofunikira poyambira ndi kulumikizana kwa gridi ya mayunitsi a hydro generator ndi yochepa, ndipo kutumiza ntchito kumakhala kosinthasintha. Kuphatikiza pa kupanga magetsi wamba, ndi yoyenera makamaka mayunitsi ometa kwambiri ndi mayunitsi okhazikika mwadzidzidzi. Mphamvu yayikulu ya mayunitsi a turbine yamadzi yafika pa 700000 kilowatts.
Ponena za mfundo ya jenereta, sayansi ya fizikisi ya sekondale ndi yomveka bwino, ndipo mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito imachokera pa lamulo la kulowetsa magetsi mu electromagnetic ndi lamulo la mphamvu yamagetsi. Chifukwa chake, mfundo yayikulu yomangira kwake ndikugwiritsa ntchito maginito oyenera komanso zida zoyendetsera magetsi kuti apange dera la maginito ndi dera la kulowetsa magetsi mu electromagnetic kuti apange mphamvu yamagetsi ndikukwaniritsa cholinga chosinthira mphamvu.
Jenereta ya turbine yamadzi imayendetsedwa ndi turbine yamadzi. Rotor yake ndi yayifupi komanso yokhuthala, nthawi yofunikira kuti unit iyambe kugwira ntchito komanso kulumikizana ndi gridi ndi yochepa, ndipo kutumiza ntchito kumakhala kosinthasintha. Kuphatikiza pa kupanga mphamvu zonse, ndi yoyenera kwambiri pa unit yometa kwambiri komanso unit yoyimirira mwadzidzidzi. Mphamvu yayikulu ya unit ya turbine yamadzi yafika pa 800000 kilowatts.
Jenereta ya dizilo imayendetsedwa ndi injini yoyaka mkati. Ndi yofulumira kuyambika komanso yosavuta kuyigwiritsa ntchito, koma mtengo wake wopanga magetsi ndi wokwera. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati mphamvu yobwezera mwadzidzidzi, kapena m'malo omwe gridi yayikulu yamagetsi sifikira komanso malo oyendera magetsi. Mphamvu yake imayambira pa ma kilowatts angapo mpaka ma kilowatts angapo. Mphamvu ya torque yomwe imatuluka pa shaft ya injini ya dizilo imakhudzidwa ndi kugunda kwa nthawi ndi nthawi, kotero ngozi za resonance ndi shaft ziyenera kupewedwa.
Liwiro la jenereta ya hydro lidzatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yosinthira yomwe imapangidwira. Kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika kwa pafupipafupi iyi, liwiro la rotor liyenera kukhazikika. Kuti likhazikitse liwiro, liwiro la prime mover (turbine yamadzi) likhoza kulamulidwa mu closed loop control mode. Chizindikiro cha pafupipafupi cha mphamvu ya AC yomwe ikutumizidwa chimatengedwa ndikubwezeredwa ku dongosolo lowongolera lomwe limayang'anira ngodya yotsegulira ndi yotseka ya guide vane ya turbine yamadzi kuti liwongolere mphamvu yotulutsa ya turbine yamadzi. Kudzera mu mfundo yowongolera mayankho, liwiro la jenereta likhoza kukhazikika.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-08-2022
