Yatsani turbine yamadzi ndi mphamvu zomwe zingatheke kapena mphamvu ya kinetic, ndipo makina opangira madzi amayamba kusinthasintha. Ngati tigwirizanitsa jenereta ku turbine yamadzi, jenereta ikhoza kuyamba kupanga magetsi. Ngati tikweza mulingo wamadzi kuti tithamangitse turbine, kuthamanga kwa turbine kumawonjezeka. Choncho, kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mlingo wa madzi ndiko, mphamvu ya kinetic yomwe imapezedwa ndi turbine imakhala, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi yosinthika imakhala yapamwamba. Iyi ndiye mfundo yoyambira mphamvu ya hydropower.
Njira yosinthira mphamvu ndi: mphamvu yokoka yamadzi akumtunda imasinthidwa kukhala mphamvu ya kinetic yakuyenda kwamadzi. Madzi akamadutsa mu turbine, mphamvu ya kinetic imasamutsidwa ku turbine, ndipo turbine imayendetsa jenereta kuti isandutse mphamvu ya kinetic kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi. Choncho, ndi njira yosinthira mphamvu zamakina kukhala mphamvu zamagetsi.
Chifukwa cha chilengedwe chosiyanasiyana cha malo opangira mphamvu zamagetsi, mphamvu ndi liwiro la mayunitsi a jenereta amasiyana kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, majenereta ang'onoang'ono a hydro ndi majenereta othamanga kwambiri a hydro oyendetsedwa ndi ma turbines amatengera zinthu zopingasa, pomwe majenereta othamanga akulu ndi apakatikati nthawi zambiri amatenga zowongoka. Popeza malo ambiri opangira magetsi amadzi ali kutali ndi mizinda, nthawi zambiri amafunika kupereka mphamvu zonyamula katundu kudzera m'mizere yayitali yotumizira, motero, dongosolo lamagetsi limayika patsogolo zofunikira kuti pakhale bata la ntchito ya ma generator a hydro: magawo amagalimoto amayenera kusankhidwa mosamala; Zofunikira pa mphindi ya inertia ya rotor ndi zazikulu. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe a jenereta ya hydro ndi osiyana ndi jenereta ya turbine ya nthunzi. Kuzungulira kwake kwa rotor ndi kwakukulu ndipo kutalika kwake ndi kochepa. Nthawi yofunikira poyambira ndi kulumikiza gridi ya mayunitsi a jenereta ya hydro ndi yaifupi, ndipo kutumiza kwantchito kumasinthasintha. Kuphatikiza pakupanga magetsi ambiri, ndiyoyenera makamaka kumeta kwambiri komanso mayunitsi oyimira mwadzidzidzi. Kuthekera kwakukulu kwa mayunitsi a jenereta a turbine yamadzi wafika pa ma kilowatts 700000.
Ponena za mfundo ya jenereta, physics ya sekondale ndiyomveka bwino, ndipo mfundo yake yogwira ntchito imachokera ku lamulo la electromagnetic induction ndi lamulo la electromagnetic force. Chifukwa chake, mfundo yayikulu pakumanga kwake ndikugwiritsa ntchito maginito oyenerera ndi zida zoyendetsera kupanga maginito ozungulira ndikuzungulira kuti agwirizane ndi ma elekitiromu kuti apange mphamvu yamagetsi ndikukwaniritsa cholinga chosinthira mphamvu.
Jenereta ya turbine yamadzi imayendetsedwa ndi makina opangira madzi. Rotor yake ndi yaifupi komanso yokhuthala, nthawi yofunikira poyambitsa ma unit ndi kulumikizana ndi gridi ndi yayifupi, ndipo kutumiza kwantchito kumasinthasintha. Kuphatikiza pakupanga mphamvu zambiri, ndizoyenera makamaka pakumeta nsonga ndi gawo loyimilira mwadzidzidzi. Kuthekera kwakukulu kwa mayunitsi a jenereta a turbine yamadzi wafika pa ma kilowatts 800000.
Jenereta ya dizilo imayendetsedwa ndi injini yoyaka mkati. Ndiwofulumira kuyambitsa komanso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, koma mtengo wake wopangira mphamvu ndi wokwera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati mphamvu zosunga zobwezeretsera mwadzidzidzi, kapena m'malo omwe gululi lalikulu lamagetsi silifika komanso malo opangira magetsi. Mphamvu zake zimachokera ku ma kilowatts angapo mpaka ma kilowatt angapo. Kutulutsa kwa torque pa shaft ya injini ya dizilo kumatha kugunda nthawi ndi nthawi, chifukwa chake ngozi za resonance ndi shaft ziyenera kupewedwa.
Kuthamanga kwa jenereta ya hydro kudzatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa ma alternating pano omwe amapangidwa. Kuonetsetsa kukhazikika kwa mafupipafupi awa, liwiro la rotor liyenera kukhazikika. Kuti akhazikike liwiro, liwiro la prime mover (madzi opangira magetsi) limatha kuwongoleredwa munjira yotseka yotseka. Chizindikiro chafupipafupi cha mphamvu ya AC yoti itumizidwe kunja imatengedwa ndikubwezeredwa ku makina olamulira omwe amawongolera kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa chowongolera cha turbine yamadzi kuti athetse mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu ya turbine yamadzi. Kupyolera mu mfundo yoyendetsera ndemanga, liwiro la jenereta likhoza kukhazikika.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-08-2022
