Penstock amatanthauza payipi yomwe imasamutsa madzi kupita ku hydraulic turbine kuchokera ku reservoir kapena hydropower station leveling structure (forebay kapena surge chamber). Ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la hydropower station, lomwe limadziwika ndi malo otsetsereka, kuthamanga kwa madzi kwakukulu mkati, pafupi ndi nyumba yamagetsi, komanso kunyamula kuthamanga kwa hydrodynamic kwa nyundo yamadzi. Chifukwa chake, imatchedwanso payipi ya kuthamanga kwambiri kapena payipi ya kuthamanga kwambiri.
Ntchito ya payipi yamadzi othamanga ndi kunyamula mphamvu ya madzi. Tinganene kuti penstock ndi yofanana ndi "mtsempha" wa siteshoni yamagetsi yamadzi.
1, mawonekedwe a penstock
Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zipangizo, kapangidwe ka mapaipi ndi zinthu zozungulira, mawonekedwe a kapangidwe ka penstock ndi osiyana.
(1) Dam penstock
1. Chitoliro chokwiriridwa m'damu
Ma penstock omwe amakwiriridwa mu konkire ya thupi la damu amatchedwa mapaipi ophatikizidwa mu damu. Mapaipi achitsulo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mawonekedwe a malowa ndi monga ma shaft opendekera, opingasa komanso oimirira.
2. Penstock kumbuyo kwa damu
Kuyika mapaipi obisika m'damu kumasokoneza kwambiri kapangidwe ka damu, ndipo kumakhudza mphamvu ya damu. Chifukwa chake, chitoliro chachitsulo chikhoza kuyikidwa pamalo otsetsereka a damu pambuyo podutsa pamwamba pa damu kuti chikhale chitoliro chakumbuyo cha damu.
(2) Chophimba pamwamba
Chipinda chosungiramo madzi cha mtundu wa diversion powerhouse nthawi zambiri chimayikidwa panja pamphepete mwa phiri kuti chipange malo osungiramo madzi, omwe amatchedwa chitoliro chotseguka kapena malo otseguka.
Malinga ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana za chitoliro, nthawi zambiri pali mitundu iwiri:
1. Chitoliro chachitsulo
2. Chitoliro cha konkire cholimbikitsidwa
(3) Malo osungiramo zinthu pansi pa nthaka
Pamene malo ndi malo sizili zoyenera kukonzedwa pa chitoliro chotseguka kapena malo opangira magetsi atayikidwa pansi pa nthaka, chitoliro nthawi zambiri chimayikidwa pansi pa nthaka kuti chikhale chitoliro chosungira pansi pa nthaka. Pali mitundu iwiri ya zitoliro zosungira pansi pa nthaka: chitoliro chobisika ndi chitoliro chodzazidwa ndi madzi.
2, njira yopezera madzi kuchokera ku penstock kupita ku turbine
1. Madzi osiyana: pensulo imodzi imapereka madzi ku unit imodzi yokha, ndiko kuti, madzi a chitoliro chimodzi.
2. Madzi ophatikizana: chitoliro chachikulu chimapereka madzi ku mayunitsi onse a siteshoni yamagetsi mapeto ake atagawikana.
3. Madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu
Chitoliro chachikulu chilichonse chimapereka madzi ku mayunitsi awiri kapena angapo atatha kufalikira kumapeto, kutanthauza mapaipi angapo ndi mayunitsi angapo.
Kaya madzi ogwirizana kapena madzi a gulu agwiritsidwa ntchito, chiwerengero cha mayunitsi olumikizidwa ku chitoliro chilichonse cha madzi sichiyenera kupitirira 4.
3, njira yolowera madzi yolowera m'nyumba yamagetsi yamadzi
Mzere wa penstock ndi njira yofananira ya chomera zitha kukonzedwa bwino, mbali kapena mopingasa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-17-2022
