Penstock ndi mtsempha wa hydropower station

Penstock imatanthawuza payipi yomwe imasamutsa madzi kupita ku makina opangira ma hydraulic kuchokera kumalo osungira kapena ma hydropower station leveling (forebay kapena surge chipinda). Ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la hydropower station, lomwe limadziwika ndi malo otsetsereka, kuthamanga kwakukulu kwamadzi mkati, pafupi ndi nyumba yamagetsi, komanso kunyamula mphamvu ya hydrodynamic ya nyundo yamadzi. Choncho, amatchedwanso mkulu kuthamanga chitoliro kapena mkulu kuthamanga madzi chitoliro.
Ntchito ya mapaipi amadzi othamanga ndikunyamula mphamvu zamadzi. Titha kunena kuti penstock ndi yofanana ndi "mtsempha" wa hydropower station.

1, Zomangamanga mawonekedwe a penstock
Malingana ndi mapangidwe osiyanasiyana, zipangizo, mapangidwe a chitoliro ndi zozungulira zozungulira, mawonekedwe a penstocks ndi osiyana.
(1) Dam penstock
1. Chitoliro chokwiriridwa padamu
Ma penstocks okwiriridwa mu konkire ya thupi la damu amatchedwa mapaipi ophatikizidwa mu damu. Mipope yachitsulo imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Mafomu a masanjidwewo amaphatikizapo ma shaft opendekera, opingasa ndi ofukula
2. Penstock kuseri kwa damu
Kuyika mapaipi okwiriridwa m’damuli kumasokoneza kwambiri ntchito yomanga madamuwo, ndipo kumakhudza mphamvu ya madamuwo. Choncho, chitoliro chachitsulo chikhoza kukonzedwa pamtunda wotsetsereka wa damu pambuyo podutsa pamtunda wa damu kuti ukhale chitoliro chakumbuyo kwa damu.

(2) pamwamba penstock
The penstock ya diversion mtundu pansi powerhouse nthawi zambiri anaika panja pa mzere wotsetsereka wa phiri otsetsereka kupanga pansi penstock, amene amatchedwa chitoliro lotseguka kapena penstock lotseguka.
Malinga ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zapaipi, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mitundu iwiri:
1. Chitoliro chachitsulo
2. Chitoliro cha konkire cholimbikitsidwa

(3) Zolembera zapansi panthaka
Pamene zinthu topographical ndi geological si oyenera lotseguka chitoliro masanjidwe kapena siteshoni mphamvu zakonzedwa mobisa, penstock nthawi zambiri anakonza pansi pansi kukhala penstock mobisa. Pali mitundu iwiri ya penstocks mobisa: chitoliro chokwiriridwa ndi chitoliro chakumbuyo.

2, Njira yoperekera madzi kuchokera ku penstock kupita ku turbine
1. Madzi olekanitsa: cholembera chimodzi chimangopereka madzi kugawo limodzi, ndiye kuti, chitoliro chimodzi chokha chopereka madzi.
2. Kuphatikizika kwa madzi: chitoliro chachikulu chimapereka madzi ku magawo onse a malo opangira magetsi pambuyo pomaliza.
3. Madzi a m'magulu
Chitoliro chachikulu chilichonse chidzapereka madzi ku mayunitsi awiri kapena kuposerapo pambuyo pa nthambi kumapeto, ndiko kuti, mapaipi angapo ndi mayunitsi angapo.
Kaya madzi ophatikizana kapena gulu lamadzi atengedwa, kuchuluka kwa magawo olumikizidwa papaipi iliyonse yamadzi sikuyenera kupitilira 4.

3, njira yolowera madzi ya penstock yolowera mnyumba ya hydropower
Mzere wa penstock ndi mayendedwe achibale a chomera amatha kukonzedwa mwanjira yabwino, yozungulira kapena yozungulira.