Makina opangira madzi ndi makina amphamvu omwe amasintha mphamvu yamadzi kuti ikhale mphamvu yamakina ozungulira. Ndi ya makina opangira turbine a makina amadzimadzi. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 100 BC, turbine yamadzi - makina opangira madzi adawonekera ku China, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukweza ulimi wothirira ndikuyendetsa zida zopangira tirigu. Makina ambiri amakono opangira madzi amayikidwa m'malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi kuti ayendetse ma jenereta kuti apange magetsi. Mu siteshoni ya hydropower, madzi omwe ali pamtunda wakumtunda amatsogozedwa kupita ku hydraulic turbine kudzera papaipi yamutu kuti ayendetse wothamanga kuti azungulire ndikuyendetsa jenereta kuti apange magetsi. Madzi omalizidwa amatulutsidwa kumunsi kwa mtsinje kudzera mu chitoliro cha tailrace. Kukwera kwamutu wamadzi komanso kutulutsa kwakukulu, mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu ya hydraulic turbine.
A tubular turbine unit mu hydropower station ali ndi vuto la cavitation mu chipinda chothamanga cha turbine, chomwe makamaka chimapanga cavitation ndi m'lifupi mwake 200mm ndi kuya kwa 1-6mm pa chipinda chothamanga pamadzi olowera ndi kutuluka kwa tsamba lomwelo, kusonyeza malamba a cavitation pozungulira. Makamaka, cavitation kumtunda kwa chipinda chothamanga ndi chodziwika bwino, ndi kuya kwa 10-20mm. Zomwe zimayambitsa cavitation mu chipinda chothamanga cha turbine zimawunikidwa motere:
Wothamanga ndi tsamba la hydropower station amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, ndipo zida zazikulu za chipinda chothamanga ndi Q235. Kulimba kwake ndi kukana kwa cavitation ndizosauka. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa madzi osungiramo madzi osungiramo madzi, malo osungiramo madzi akhala akugwira ntchito pamutu wapamwamba kwambiri kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo madzi ambiri a nthunzi amawonekera m'madzi amchira. Panthawi yogwira ntchito, madzi amayenda mu turbine ya hydraulic kupyola m'dera lomwe kuthamanga kuli kochepa kusiyana ndi kuthamanga kwa vaporization. Madzi odutsa pamphepete mwa tsamba amawomba ndi zithupsa kuti apange thovu la nthunzi, kutulutsa kupanikizika kwa m'deralo, kuchititsa kukhudzidwa kwachitsulo ndi nyundo yamadzi nthawi ndi nthawi, kumayambitsa mobwerezabwereza katundu pazitsulo, kuchititsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu, Zotsatira zake, zitsulo za crystal cavitation zimagwa. Cavitation imapezeka mobwerezabwereza pa chipinda chothamanga pa malo olowera ndi kutuluka kwa tsamba lomwelo. Choncho, pansi pa ntchito ya ultra-mkulu madzi mutu kwa nthawi yaitali, cavitation pang'onopang'ono zimachitika ndi kupitiriza kuya.
Poganizira vuto la cavitation la chipinda chothamanga cha turbine, siteshoni ya hydropower idakonzedwa ndi kukonza kuwotcherera koyambirira, koma vuto lalikulu la cavitation lidapezekanso m'chipinda chothamanga pakukonza pambuyo pake. Pankhaniyi, woyang'anira bizinesiyo adalumikizana nafe ndipo akuyembekeza kuti titha kuthana ndi vuto la cavitation la chipinda chothamanga cha turbine. Mainjiniya athu adapanga dongosolo lokonzekera lokhazikika potengera kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane kwa zida zamabizinesi. Poonetsetsa kukula kwa kukonza, tinasankha zipangizo za carbon nano polima malinga ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira za nthawi yayitali pansi pa malo ogwira ntchito. Njira zokonzetsera pamalopo ndi izi:
1. Kuchita pamwamba degreasing mankhwala kwa cavitation mbali ya turbine wothamanga chipinda;
2. Kuchotsa dzimbiri pophulitsa mchenga;
3. Sakanizani zinthu za Sorecun nano polima ndikuziyika pagawo loti likonzedwe;
4. Kulimbitsa zinthu ndikuyang'ana kukonza pamwamba.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-14-2022
