Kodi turbine yamadzi ndi chiyani? Kodi kapangidwe ka turbine ndi kotani?

Turbine imatanthauza chipangizo chotumizira magetsi chomwe chimasintha mphamvu ya kutentha kwa madzi kukhala mphamvu ya makina ozungulira. Chinsinsichi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale amagetsi opangidwa ndi madzi kuyendetsa ma turbine amphepo kuti apange mphamvu yamagetsi, yomwe ndi chipangizo chofunikira kwambiri chamagetsi chamagetsi pamafakitale amagetsi opangidwa ndi madzi. Malinga ndi mfundo yake, imatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: turbine yokhudza mphamvu ndi turbine yokhudza mphamvu. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe turbine yamadzi ndi chiyani? Kodi kapangidwe ka turbine yamadzi ndi kotani?

Kodi turbine yamadzi ndi chiyani?
Turbine yamadzi idasinthidwa kuchokera ku gudumu lamadzi kapena galimoto yozembetsa m'magalimoto akale. Mu 1827, injiniya waukadaulo waku France B. Fourneron adapanga turbine yokhudza mphamvu ya mahatchi 6. Mu 1849, idasinthidwa ndi pulani ya injiniya waukadaulo waku America JB Francis kuti apange turbine yamakono ya Francis, kotero imatchedwa turbine ya Francis. Turbine yokhudza mphamvu idachitika mu 1850. Pofika mu 1880, injiniya waukadaulo waku America LA Pelton adapeza ufulu wa patent wa turbine yokhudza chidebe, yomwe imatchedwa turbine ya Pelton. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa chitukuko ndi kapangidwe ka mapulojekiti amagetsi amadzi, mitundu, mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka ma turbine a hydraulic zikukhala zangwiro kwambiri. Mu 1912, injiniya waukadaulo waku Austria V. Kaplan adapanga turbine yoyamba yozungulira ya propeller axial fan, kotero idatchedwa Kaplan turbine. Mu 1940 ndi 1950, ma turbine oyenda pang'onopang'ono ndi oblique-flow adawonekera motsatizana. Nthawi yomweyo, njira yopangira ma turbine a hydraulic inali ma turbine a centrifugal pump, omwe ankagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opangira magetsi opompedwa. Mitundu ya ma turbine imatha kuphatikizidwa mu zolinga ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana a mitu yosiyanasiyana yamadzi popanga ndi kupanga mapulojekiti amagetsi amadzi. Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa People's Republic of China, kupanga ndi kupanga ma turbine aku China m'mafakitale kunatha mwachangu. Pali mafakitale opanga ma turbine oposa 20, omwe apanga zida za turbine zoposa 20 miliyoni kW ndi zida zamafakitale amagetsi amadzi mdziko lonselo, ndikutumizidwa kunja.
Malinga ndi makhalidwe a kusamutsa kutentha, ma hydro turbines amagawidwa m'magulu awiri, omwe ndi mtundu wa counterattack ndi mtundu wa impact. Ndipo mtundu uliwonse wa turbine umagawidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana malinga ndi makhalidwe a madzi omwe akuyenda m'dera la shaft yozungulira komanso mtundu wa kapangidwe ka shaft yozungulira.

Kodi kapangidwe ka turbine ndi kotani?
Turbine ya hydraulic ndi turbine ya hydraulic ya zida zopangira magetsi za hydraulic. Turbine ya hydraulic ndi turbine ya mphepo, mota yowongolera liwiro, makina owongolera kusuntha ndi makina owongolera malo opangira magetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo othandizira, omwe amapanga gawo lalikulu la siteshoni yamagetsi yamadzi.
Turbine yamadzi imapangidwa ndikupangidwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa deta ndi kukula kwa mutu wa madzi. Ntchito yake ndikusintha madzi kukhala mphamvu yamakina ndikulimbikitsa kupanga mphamvu kwa ma turbine amphepo. Turbine yokha imakhala ndi shaft ya turbine, mphete ya mpando wa turbine, volute ya turbine ndi bearing yayikulu ya turbine. Kuphatikiza apo, kutengera zomwe zafotokozedwa, zida zina ndi zigawo zina zimayikidwanso. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma turbine ili ndi kapangidwe ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.