Kodi turbine yamadzi ndi chiyani? Kodi kamangidwe ka turbine ndi chiyani?

Turbine imatanthawuza chipangizo chamagetsi cha hydroelectric chomwe chimasintha momwe madzi amatenthera kukhala mphamvu yozungulira yamakinetiki. Mfunguloyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale opangira mphamvu yamadzi kuyendetsa ma turbines amphepo kuti apange mphamvu yamagetsi, chomwe ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri chamagetsi pamafakitale opangira mphamvu zamagetsi. Malinga ndi mfundo yake, imatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: turbine yamphamvu ndi turbine yamphamvu. Tiyeni tiwone kuti hydro turbine ndi chiyani? Kodi makonzedwe a hydro turbine ndi chiyani?

Kodi turbine yamadzi ndi chiyani?
Makina opangira madzi amapangidwa kuchokera ku gudumu lamadzi kapena galimoto yozembetsa m'nthawi zakale. Mu 1827, katswiri waukatswiri wa ku France B. Fourneron anapanga turbine yamphamvu ya 6-horsepower. Mu 1849, zidakonzedwa bwino ndi kamangidwe ka injiniya waku America JB Francis kuti apange turbine yamasiku ano ya Francis, motero amatchedwa Francis turbine. Mphamvu ya turbine inachitika m'chaka cha 1850. Pofika m'chaka cha 1880, katswiri waukatswiri wa ku America LA Pelton adapeza ufulu wa turbine yamtundu wa ndowa, yotchedwa turbine ya Pelton. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa chitukuko ndi kapangidwe ka ntchito zamagetsi zamagetsi, mitundu, mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka ma hydraulic turbines akukhala angwiro kwambiri. Mu 1912, katswiri waukadaulo wa ku Austria V. Kaplan adapanga makina opangira ma rotary axial fan turbine, motero adatchedwa Kaplan turbine. M'zaka za m'ma 1940 ndi 1950, ma axial-flow ndi oblique-flow turbines adawonekera motsatira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chitukuko cha ma hydraulic turbines chinali ma centrifugal pump turbines, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito posungira mphamvu zamagetsi. Mitundu ya ma turbines imatha kuphatikizidwa muzolinga ndi malamulo osiyanasiyana amitu yosiyanasiyana yamadzi pakupanga ndi kupanga ma projekiti amagetsi amagetsi. Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa People's Republic of China, ntchito yopanga mafakitale yopangira makina opangira magetsi ku China idamalizidwa mwachangu. Pali mafakitale opitilira 20 opanga ma turbine, omwe apanga zida zopitilira 20 miliyoni za turbine zida ndi zida zopangira magetsi opangira magetsi padziko lonse lapansi, ndikutumizidwa kunja.
Malingana ndi mawonekedwe a kutentha kwa kutentha, ma hydro turbines amagawidwa m'magulu awiri, omwe ndi mtundu wa antiattack ndi mtundu wa zotsatira. Ndipo mtundu uliwonse wa turbine umagawidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe madzi amayendera m'dera lozungulira la shaft ndi mtundu wa shaft yozungulira.

Kodi kamangidwe ka turbine ndi chiyani?
Makina opangira ma hydraulic ndi hydraulic turbine ya hydraulic power generation mechanical. Makina opangira ma hydraulic ndi turbine yamphepo, mota yowongolera liwiro, makina owongolera zokomera komanso makina owongolera magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazothandizira, zomwe ndi gawo lalikulu la malo opangira magetsi.
Makina opangira madzi amapangidwa ndikupangidwa molingana ndi kayendedwe ka data ndi kukula kwa mutu wamadzi. Ntchito yake ndikusintha madzi kukhala mphamvu zamakina ndikulimbikitsa kupanga mphamvu zama turbines amphepo. The turbine palokha imakhala ndi turbine shaft, mphete yapampando wa turbine, turbine volute ndi turbine shaft yonyamula. Kuonjezera apo, malingana ndi zofunikira, zida zowonjezera ndi zigawo zina zimayikidwanso. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma turbines imakhala ndi mawonekedwe ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana.