Kupanga magetsi ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi madzi (omwe amatchedwa mphamvu yaing'ono yopangidwa ndi madzi) sikuli ndi tanthauzo lofanana komanso malire a mphamvu m'maiko padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale m'dziko lomwelo, nthawi zosiyanasiyana, miyezo si yofanana. Kawirikawiri, malinga ndi mphamvu yoyikidwa, mphamvu yaing'ono yopangidwa ndi madzi imatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: yaying'ono, yaying'ono ndi yaying'ono. Mayiko ena ali ndi giredi imodzi yokha, ndipo mayiko ena amagawidwa m'magulu awiri, omwe ndi osiyana kwambiri. Malinga ndi malamulo a dziko langa, omwe ali ndi mphamvu yoyikidwa yochepera 25,000 kW amatchedwa malo ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi madzi; omwe ali ndi mphamvu yoyikidwa yosachepera 25,000 kW ndi ochepera 250,000 kW ndi malo apakatikati opangidwa ndi madzi; omwe ali ndi mphamvu yoyikidwa yoposa 250,000 kW ndi malo akuluakulu opangidwa ndi madzi.
Ukadaulo wamagetsi ang'onoang'ono amadzi Ukadaulo wosinthira mphamvu ya kinetic m'madzi kukhala mitundu ina ya mphamvu ndi njira yodziwika bwino ndipo yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwa zaka mazana ambiri popanga magetsi. Chifukwa chake, wakhala njira imodzi yayikulu yopangira magetsi m'maiko ambiri, makamaka mayiko ena osatukuka kwambiri ku Africa, Asia ndi South America. Ukadaulowu unayamba pang'ono ndipo unatumikira madera angapo pafupi ndi majenereta, koma pamene chidziwitso chikukulirakulira, walola kupanga magetsi akuluakulu komanso kutumiza mtunda wautali. Majenereta akuluakulu amadzi amagwiritsa ntchito malo osungiramo madzi akuluakulu omwe amafunika kumangidwa kwa madamu apadera kuti azitha kuyendetsa madzi, nthawi zambiri kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito malo ambiri pa izi. Zotsatira zake, pakhala nkhawa yokulirapo yokhudza momwe zinthuzi zingakhudzire chilengedwe ndi zachilengedwe. Nkhawa izi, pamodzi ndi mtengo wokwera wa kutumiza, zabweretsa chidwi pakupanga magetsi ang'onoang'ono amadzi. Poyamba, kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha ukadaulo uwu, kupanga magetsi sikunali cholinga chake chachikulu. Mphamvu ya hydraulic imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pogwira ntchito zamakina kuti akwaniritse ntchito zomwe akufuna monga kupopa madzi (onse a m'nyumba ndi kuthirira), kupukusa tirigu ndi ntchito zamakina zogwirira ntchito zamafakitale.
Malo opangira magetsi akuluakulu okhala ndi magetsi ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi atsimikizira kuti ndi okwera mtengo komanso owononga chilengedwe, zomwe zikusokoneza mgwirizano wa zachilengedwe. Zochitika zimatiuza kuti ndiwo gwero lalikulu la mtengo wokwera wa kutumiza magetsi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi mopitirira muyeso. Kupatula apo, palibe mitsinje yambiri ku East Africa yomwe ingathandize zida zotere mokhazikika komanso mosalekeza, koma pali mitsinje ing'onoing'ono yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga magetsi ang'onoang'ono. Zinthuzi ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kuti zipereke magetsi kwa mabanja akumidzi obalalika. Kupatula mitsinje, pali njira zina zopezera magetsi kuchokera kuzinthu zamadzi. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu yotentha yamadzi a m'nyanja, mphamvu ya mafunde, mphamvu ya mafunde komanso mphamvu yotentha yamadzi ndi magwero amphamvu ochokera m'madzi omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kupatula mphamvu yotentha yamadzi ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yamadzi, kugwiritsa ntchito magwero ena onse amphamvu okhudzana ndi madzi sikunakhudze kwambiri njira yoperekera magetsi padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale mphamvu yamadzi, imodzi mwa njira zakale kwambiri zopangira magetsi zomwe zapangidwa bwino komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano, imangokhala pafupifupi 3% yokha ya magetsi onse padziko lonse lapansi. Mphamvu ya magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi ngati gwero la mphamvu ndi yayikulu ku Africa kuposa ku Eastern Europe ndipo ikufanana ndi ya ku North America. Koma mwatsoka, ngakhale kuti kontinenti ya Africa ikutsogolera padziko lonse lapansi pa mphamvu yamagetsi opangidwa ndi madzi osagwiritsidwa ntchito, anthu ambiri okhala m'deralo alibe mwayi wopeza magetsi. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi opangidwa ndi madzi imaphatikizapo kusintha mphamvu zomwe zili m'madzi omwe ali m'chitsimecho kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makina. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zida zomwe zimasunga madzi ziyenera kukhala pamwamba pa malo osinthira mphamvu (monga jenereta). Kuchuluka ndi komwe madzi amayendera momasuka kumayendetsedwa makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito mapaipi amadzi, omwe amatsogolera kuyenda kwa madzi komwe njira yosinthira imachitikira, motero amapanga magetsi. 1
Udindo ndi kufunika kwa magetsi ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi madzi Makampani opanga magetsi ndi makampani otsogola pa chuma cha dziko. Mphamvu ndi nkhani yofunika kwambiri m'dziko lathu masiku ano. Kukhazikitsa magetsi kumidzi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakusintha ulimi, ndipo mphamvu zazing'ono zopangidwa ndi madzi m'dziko muno ndi gwero labwino la mphamvu zoperekera magetsi akumidzi. Kwa zaka zambiri, mothandizidwa ndi boma ndi madera am'deralo, mphamvu zosiyanasiyana zagwiritsidwa ntchito, kasamalidwe ka madzi ndi kupanga magetsi zagwirizanitsidwa bwino, ndipo bizinesi yaying'ono yopanga magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi yapeza chitukuko champhamvu. Mphamvu zazing'ono zopangidwa ndi madzi m'dziko langa ndi zolemera kwambiri. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa mphamvu zamagetsi akumidzi (I0MW≤single station installed capacity≤50MW) wokonzedwa ndi boma, mphamvu zamagetsi akumidzi zomwe zingathe kupangidwa mdziko muno ndi 128 miliyoni kW, zomwe mphamvu zamagetsi zazing'ono zopangidwa ndi madzi (zoposa I0MW) zikuwunikidwa. Mtsinje ndi mphamvu zoyikidwa ndi 0.5MW≤ single station
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-15-2022
