Kupanga magetsi ang'onoang'ono amadzi (omwe amatchedwa mphamvu yamadzi pang'ono) alibe tanthauzo lofananira komanso malire a kuchuluka kwa mphamvu m'maiko padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale m’dziko lomwelo, panthaŵi zosiyanasiyana, miyezo siyofanana. Nthawi zambiri, malinga ndi mphamvu yoyika, mphamvu yamagetsi yaying'ono imatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: yaying'ono, yaying'ono ndi yaying'ono. Mayiko ena ali ndi giredi imodzi yokha, ndipo mayiko ena amagawidwa m’magiredi aŵiri, omwe ndi osiyana kwambiri. Malinga ndi malamulo apano a dziko langa, omwe ali ndi mphamvu yoyika zosakwana 25,000 kW amatchedwa masiteshoni ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi; omwe ali ndi mphamvu yoyika mphamvu yosachepera 25,000 kW ndi zosakwana 250,000 kW ndi malo opangira magetsi apakati; omwe ali ndi mphamvu yopitilira 250,000 kW ndi malo akuluakulu opangira magetsi amadzi.
Tekinoloje yapang'onopang'ono yamagetsi amadzi Ukadaulo wosinthira mphamvu ya kinetic m'madzi kukhala mphamvu zina ndi njira yokhazikika ndipo yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera kwa zaka mazana ambiri kupanga magetsi. Chifukwa chake, yakhala imodzi mwa njira zazikulu zopangira magetsi m'maiko ambiri, makamaka mayiko ena osatukuka ku Africa, Asia ndi South America. Ukadaulowu unayamba pang'onopang'ono ndipo udatumikira madera angapo pafupi ndi ma jenereta, koma popeza chidziwitso chakula, chathandizira kutulutsa mphamvu zazikulu komanso kutumizirana mtunda wautali. Majenereta akuluakulu opangira magetsi amadzi amagwiritsa ntchito madamu akuluakulu omwe amafuna kuti amange madamu apadera kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino madzi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimafuna kuti malo ambiri agwiritse ntchito. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, pakhala pali nkhaŵa yokulirakulira ponena za chiyambukiro cha zochitika zoterozo pa chilengedwe ndi chilengedwe. Zodetsa nkhawazi, komanso kukwera mtengo kotumizira, zabweza chidwi pakupanga magetsi ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi. Poyambirira, kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha teknolojiyi, kupanga magetsi sikunali cholinga chake chachikulu. Mphamvu ya hydraulic imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochita ntchito zamakina kuti akwaniritse ntchito zomwe akufuna monga kupopera madzi (zonse zoperekera madzi apanyumba ndi kuthirira), kugaya tirigu ndi ntchito zamakina pantchito zamafakitale.
Zomera zazikulu zapakati zopangira magetsi pamadzi zatsimikizira kukhala zodula komanso zowononga chilengedwe, zomwe zikusokoneza kusanja bwino kwa chilengedwe. Zochitika zimatiuza kuti ndiwo gwero lalikulu la kukwera mtengo kwa kufalitsa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri magetsi. Kupatula apo, ku East Africa kulibe mitsinje iliyonse yomwe ingathe kuchirikiza zida zotere mosasunthika, koma pali mitsinje yaing'ono yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popangira magetsi ang'onoang'ono. Zipangizozi ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera popereka magetsi ku mabanja amwazikana akumidzi. Kupatula mitsinje, pali njira zina zopezera magetsi kuchokera kumadzi. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu zotenthetsera m'madzi a m'nyanja, mphamvu zamafunde, mphamvu zamafunde komanso ngakhale mphamvu za geothermal zonse ndi magwero amphamvu amadzi omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kupatula mphamvu ya geothermal ndi mphamvu yamagetsi amadzi, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zina zonse zokhudzana ndi madzi sikunakhudze kwambiri njira yoperekera magetsi padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale mphamvu yamadzi, imodzi mwamaukadaulo akale kwambiri opangira magetsi omwe ali otukuka bwino komanso ogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri masiku ano, amangotenga pafupifupi 3% yokha yamagetsi onse padziko lapansi. Kuthekera kwa magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi monga gwero la mphamvu ndikwambiri ku Africa kuposa ku Eastern Europe komanso kuyerekeza ndi ku North America. Koma mwatsoka, ngakhale kuti kontinenti ya Africa ikutsogola padziko lonse lapansi popanga mphamvu zopangira magetsi amadzi, anthu masauzande ambiri alibe magetsi. Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya hydropower ikuphatikizapo kutembenuza mphamvu yomwe imapezeka m'madzi m'madzi mosungiramo mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe imagwira ntchito pamakina. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zida zomwe zimasunga madzi ziyenera kukhala pamwamba pa malo osinthira mphamvu (monga jenereta). Kuchuluka ndi kuwongolera kwa madzi omasuka kumayendetsedwa makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito mapaipi amadzi, omwe amatsogolera kutuluka kwa madzi kumene kutembenuka kumachitika, potero kumapanga magetsi. 1
Udindo ndi kufunikira kwa magetsi ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi madzi. Makampani opanga magetsi ndi omwe akutsogolera chuma cha dziko. Mphamvu ndizovuta kwambiri m'dziko lathu masiku ano. Kuyika magetsi m'madera akumidzi ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri pa chitukuko chaulimi, ndipo magetsi ang'onoang'ono a dziko lino amakhalanso ndi mphamvu zoperekera magetsi akumidzi. Kwa zaka zambiri, mothandizidwa ndi madera a boma ndi am'deralo, mphamvu zosiyanasiyana zakhala zikusokonekera, kayendetsedwe ka madzi ndi kupanga magetsi zakhala zikuphatikizidwa kwambiri, ndipo malonda ang'onoang'ono opangira mphamvu yamadzi apeza chitukuko champhamvu. chuma chaling'ono cha dziko langa chopangidwa ndi madzi ndi cholemera kwambiri. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wazinthu zakumidzi za hydropower (I0MW≤single station install capacity≤50MW) yokonzedwa ndi boma, kuchuluka kwazinthu zopangira mphamvu zamagetsi zakumidzi mdziko muno ndi 128 miliyoni kW, pomwe kuchuluka kwamagetsi ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi (pamwamba pa I0MW) kumawunikiridwa. Mtsinje ndi 0.5MW≤ single station anaika mphamvu
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-15-2022
