Mphamvu yamadzi ndi njira yosinthira mphamvu yamadzi yachilengedwe kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zaukadaulo. Ndiyo njira yoyambira yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yamadzi. Ubwino wake ndi wakuti siigwiritsa ntchito mafuta, siipitsa chilengedwe, mphamvu yamadzi imatha kubwezeretsedwanso nthawi zonse ndi mvula, zida zamakanika ndi zamagetsi ndizosavuta, ndipo ntchito yake ndi yosinthasintha komanso yosavuta. Komabe, ndalama zambiri zomwe zimayikidwa ndi zambiri, nthawi yomanga ndi yayitali, ndipo nthawi zina kutayika kwa madzi kumachitika. Mphamvu yamadzi nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa ndi kuwongolera kusefukira kwa madzi, kuthirira, kutumiza, ndi zina zotero kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira.
Pali mitundu itatu ya magetsi opangira madzi:
1. Magetsi Okhazikika a Madzi
Ndiko kuti, mphamvu yamadzi ya mtundu wa damu, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti mphamvu yamadzi ya mtundu wa reservoir. Reservoir imapangidwa posunga madzi m'damu, ndipo mphamvu yake yayikulu yotulutsa madzi imatsimikiziridwa ndi kusiyana pakati pa kuchuluka kwa dziwe ndi malo otulutsira madzi ndi kutalika kwa pamwamba pa madzi. Kusiyana kumeneku kumatchedwa mutu, komwe kumatchedwanso dontho kapena mutu, ndipo mphamvu yomwe madzi angapezeke imagwirizana ndi mutu.
2. Kuthamanga kwa magetsi amadzi mumtsinje (ROR)
Ndiko kuti, mphamvu yamadzi yoyendera madzi m'mitsinje, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti mphamvu yamadzi yoyendera madzi m'mitsinje, ndi mtundu wa mphamvu yamadzi yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamadzi koma imangofunika madzi ochepa kapena siifunika kusunga madzi ambiri kuti ipange magetsi. Mphamvu yamadzi yoyendera madzi m'mitsinje siifuna malo osungira madzi, kapena malo osungira madzi ochepa kwambiri, omwe amatchedwa dziwe loziziritsira madzi kapena khola laling'ono pamene malo osungira madzi ang'onoang'ono amamangidwa. Chifukwa chosowa malo osungira madzi akuluakulu, kupanga mphamvu yoyendera madzi m'mitsinje kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kusintha kwa nyengo kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magwero amadzi, kotero malo operekera madzi m'mitsinje nthawi zambiri amatanthauzidwa ngati magwero amagetsi osinthasintha. Ndipo ngati dziwe lolamulira lamangidwa mu fakitala yamagetsi ya Chuanliu yomwe imatha kusintha kayendedwe ka madzi nthawi iliyonse, idzagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati fakitala yamagetsi yometa pamwamba kapena fakitala yamagetsi yoyambira.
3. Mphamvu ya mafunde
Kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi kuchokera ku mafunde kumadalira kukwera ndi kutsika kwa madzi a m'nyanja chifukwa cha mafunde. Kawirikawiri, malo osungiramo madzi amamangidwa kuti asunge magetsi, koma palinso kugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji madzi otuluka kuchokera ku mafunde kuti apange magetsi. Palibe malo ambiri padziko lapansi oyenera kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi kuchokera ku mafunde, koma asanu ndi atatu ku UK akuyerekezeredwa kuti ali ndi kuthekera kokwaniritsa 20% ya zosowa zamagetsi mdzikolo.
Zachidziwikire, mitundu itatu ya magetsi opangira madzi ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi wamba, ndipo pali mtundu wina wa malo opangira magetsi, Pumped Storage Power Station, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito magetsi ochulukirapo mumakina amagetsi (nyengo ya kusefukira kwa madzi, tchuthi, kapena magetsi otsika m'chigwa mu theka lachiwiri la usiku). ), madzi omwe ali m'chigwa chapansi amapopedwa kupita ku dziwe lapamwamba kuti asungidwe; pamene katundu wa makinawo wafika pachimake, madzi omwe ali m'chigwa chapamwamba amayikidwa pansi, ndipo turbine imayendetsedwa ndi turbine kuti ipange magetsi. Ili ndi ntchito ziwiri zometa pamwamba ndi kudzaza chigwa, ndipo ndiyo magetsi abwino kwambiri ometa pamwamba pa makina amagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, imathanso kuwongolera ma frequency, gawo, magetsi ndikugwira ntchito ngati chothandizira, chomwe chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti gridi yamagetsi ikugwira ntchito bwino komanso bwino komanso kukonza chuma cha makinawo.
Malo osungira magetsi omwe amapopedwa okha sapanga magetsi, koma amachita gawo logwirizanitsa kutsutsana pakati pa kupanga magetsi ndi kupereka magetsi mu gridi yamagetsi; ali ndi gawo lalikulu pakulamulira kuchuluka kwa magetsi panthawi yochepa; kuyambika ndi kutulutsa kwake kumasintha mwachangu, zomwe zingatsimikizire kudalirika kwa magetsi mu gridi yamagetsi ndikukweza mtundu wa magetsi mu gridi yamagetsi. Tsopano sikuli m'gulu la magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi, koma malo osungira magetsi.
Pakadali pano, pali malo 193 opangira magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi omwe ali ndi mphamvu yokwana 1,000 MW m'maiko onse padziko lapansi, ndipo 21 akumangidwa. Pakati pawo, pali malo 55 opangira magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi omwe ali ndi mphamvu yokwana 1,000 MW omwe akugwira ntchito ku China, ndipo 5 akumangidwa, omwe ali pamalo oyamba padziko lonse lapansi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-14-2022
