Hydropower ndi njira yosinthira mphamvu yamadzi yachilengedwe kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zaukadaulo. Ndi njira yoyambira yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zamadzi. Ubwino wake ndikuti sichimadya mafuta, sichiyipitsa chilengedwe, mphamvu yamadzi imatha kuwonjezeredwa mosalekeza ndi mvula, zida zamakina ndi zamagetsi ndizosavuta, ndipo ntchitoyo ndi yosinthika komanso yosavuta. Komabe, ndalama zambiri zimakhala zazikulu, nthawi yomanga ndi yayitali, ndipo nthawi zina kusefukira kwamadzi kumachitika. Mphamvu ya Hydropower nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa ndi kuwongolera kusefukira, kuthirira, kutumiza, ndi zina zambiri kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira.
Pali mitundu itatu yopangira mphamvu zamagetsi pamadzi:
1. Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi
Ndiko kuti, mphamvu yamadzi yamtundu wa madamu, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti reservoir-type hydropower. Malo osungiramo madzi amapangidwa mwa kusunga madzi mu damu, ndipo mphamvu yake yochuluka yotulutsa mphamvu imatsimikiziridwa ndi kusiyana pakati pa kuchuluka kwa madzi osungiramo madzi ndi malo a madzi ndi kutalika kwa madzi. Kusiyana kwa kutalika kumeneku kumatchedwa mutu, womwe umatchedwanso dontho kapena mutu, ndipo mphamvu yamadzi yomwe imatha kukhala yofanana ndi mutu.
2. Kuthamanga kwa mtsinje wa hydroelectricity (ROR)
Ndiko kuti, mtsinje wa hydropower, womwe umadziwikanso kuti run-of-river hydropower, ndi mtundu wa hydropower womwe umagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamadzi koma umangofunika madzi ochepa kapena safunikira kusunga madzi ambiri kuti apange magetsi. Mphamvu yamagetsi ya mtsinje imafunikira pafupifupi kusungirako madzi, kapena malo ochepa kwambiri osungira madzi, omwe amatchedwa dziwe lowongolera kapena kutsogolo pamene malo osungiramo madzi akumangidwa. Chifukwa cha kusakhalapo kwa malo akuluakulu osungiramo madzi, magetsi oyendetsa magetsi amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusintha kwa nyengo mu kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi, choncho magetsi oyendetsa magetsi amatchulidwa kuti ndi magwero amphamvu apakati. Ndipo ngati dziwe loyang'anira limangidwa m'malo opangira magetsi a Chuanliu omwe amatha kusintha kayendedwe ka madzi nthawi iliyonse, adzagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo ometa nsonga kapena malo opangira magetsi.
3. Mphamvu ya mafunde
Kupanga mphamvu kwa mafunde kumatengera kukwera ndi kutsika kwamadzi am'nyanja chifukwa cha mafunde. Nthawi zambiri, malo osungira amamangidwa kuti asunge magetsi, koma palinso madzi omwe amapangidwa mwachindunji ndi mafunde kuti apange magetsi. Palibe malo ambiri padziko lapansi omwe ali oyenera kupangira mphamvu zamagetsi, koma asanu ndi atatu ku UK akuyerekezedwa kuti ali ndi kuthekera kokwaniritsa 20% yamagetsi adziko lino.
Zachidziwikire, mitundu itatu yopangira magetsi opangira mphamvu yamadzi ndi malo opangira magetsi wamba, ndipo palinso mtundu wina wamalo opangira magetsi, Pumped Storage Power Station, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito magetsi ochulukirapo mumagetsi (nyengo ya kusefukira kwamadzi, tchuthi, kapena magetsi otsika m'chigwa chachiwiri pakati pausiku). ), madzi omwe ali mumtsinje wapansi amaponyedwa kumalo osungira pamwamba kuti asungidwe; pamene katundu wa dongosolo akukwera, madzi omwe ali pamwamba pake amaikidwa pansi, ndipo turbine imayendetsedwa ndi turbine kuti apange magetsi. Imakhala ndi ntchito ziwiri zometa nsonga ndi kudzaza zigwa, ndipo ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yometa pamagetsi pamagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, imathanso kuwongolera pafupipafupi, gawo, ma voliyumu ndikugwira ntchito ngati zosunga zobwezeretsera, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kuti ma gridi amagetsi azikhala otetezeka komanso apamwamba kwambiri komanso kukonza chuma chadongosolo.
Malo opangira magetsi opopera okha sapanga magetsi, koma amathandizira kugwirizanitsa kutsutsana pakati pa kupanga magetsi ndi magetsi mu gridi yamagetsi; ali ndi gawo lalikulu pakuwongolera nsonga panthawi yanthawi yayitali yonyamula katundu; kuyambika ndi kutulutsa kumasintha mofulumira, zomwe zingatsimikizire kudalirika kwa magetsi a gridi yamagetsi ndikuwongolera gridi yamagetsi. mphamvu khalidwe. Tsopano sichikutchulidwa ngati hydropower, koma kusungirako magetsi.
Pofika pano, pali malo opangira magetsi okwana 193 omwe ali ndi mphamvu yoyika mphamvu yopitilira 1,000 MW m'maiko onse padziko lapansi, ndipo 21 akumangidwa. Pakati pawo, pali malo opangira magetsi okwana 55 omwe ali ndi mphamvu yopitilira 1,000MW yomwe ikugwira ntchito ku China, ndipo 5 ikumangidwa, yomwe ili yoyamba padziko lonse lapansi.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-14-2022
