Kufunika kwa malo oyesera chitsanzo cha turbine ya hydraulic pakukula kwa ukadaulo wa Hydropower

Bedi loyesera la hydraulic turbine limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa ukadaulo wamagetsi amadzi. Ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri pakukweza mtundu wa zinthu zamagetsi ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a mayunitsi. Pakupanga wothamanga aliyense, wothamanga wamtunduwu ayenera kupangidwa kaye, ndipo chitsanzocho chikhoza kuyesedwa poyesa mita yeniyeni ya siteshoni yamagetsi yamadzi pa benchi yoyesera makina amadzi yamphamvu kwambiri. Ngati deta yonse ikwaniritsa zofunikira za wogwiritsa ntchito, wothamangayo akhoza kupangidwa mwalamulo. Chifukwa chake, opanga zida zamagetsi odziwika bwino kunja ali ndi mabenchi angapo oyesera amutu wautali omwe amakwaniritsa zosowa za ntchito zosiyanasiyana, monga mabenchi asanu apamwamba oyesera amitundu yolondola kwambiri a kampani ya ku France ya NYRpic; Hitachi ndi Toshiba aliyense ali ndi malo asanu oyesera amitundu yokhala ndi mutu wamadzi wopitilira 50m. Malinga ndi zosowa za kupanga, bungwe lalikulu lofufuza zamakina amagetsi lapanga benchi yoyesera yamutu wamadzi yayitali yokhala ndi ntchito zonse komanso kulondola kwakukulu, yomwe imatha kuchita mayeso amitundu pamakina a tubular, mixed flow, axial flow ndi reversible hydraulic motsatana. Mutu wamadzi ukhoza kufika 150m. Benchi yoyesera imatha kusintha mayeso amitundu yoyima ndi yopingasa. Benchi yoyesera yapangidwa ndi masiteshoni awiri a ndi B. siteshoni a ikagwira ntchito, siteshoni B imayikidwa, zomwe zingafupikitse nthawi yoyesera. A. B masiteshoni awiri amagawana seti imodzi ya makina owongolera magetsi ndi makina oyesera. Makina owongolera magetsi amatenga PROFIBUS ngati maziko, NAIS fp10sh PLC ngati wowongolera wamkulu, ndipo IPC (kompyuta yowongolera mafakitale) imayendetsa pakati. Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa basi lakumunda kuti likwaniritse njira yowongolera ya digito yonse, yomwe imatsimikizira kudalirika, chitetezo komanso kusamalira kosavuta kwa dongosololi. Ndi makina owongolera mayeso a makina a hydraulic omwe ali ndi mphamvu zambiri ku China. Kuphatikizika kwa makina owongolera

Benchi yoyesera mutu wamadzi yayitali imapangidwa ndi ma mota awiri opompa omwe ali ndi mphamvu yokhazikika ya 550KW ndi liwiro lozungulira la 250-1100r / min kuti ifulumizitse kuyenda kwa madzi mu payipi kupita ku mita ya mutu wamadzi yomwe wogwiritsa ntchito amafunikira ndikusunga mutu wamadzi ukuyenda bwino. Ma parameter a wothamanga amayang'aniridwa ndi dynamometer. Mphamvu ya mota ya dynamometer ndi 500kW, ndipo liwiro lozungulira lili pakati pa 300 ndi 2300r / min. Pali dynamometer imodzi pa siteshoni a ndi siteshoni B. Mfundo ya benchi yoyesera makina oyendetsera ma hydraulic yawonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1. Dongosololi limafuna kuti kulondola kwa kuyendetsa mota kukhale kochepera 0.5%, ndipo nthawi yapakati pakati pa kulephera (MTTF) ndi yoposa maola 5000. Pambuyo pa kafukufuku wambiri, dongosolo lowongolera liwiro la DCS500 DC limasankhidwa. DCS500 imatha kulandira malamulo owongolera m'njira ziwiri, imodzi ndikulandira zizindikiro za 4-20mA kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira za liwiro; Chinanso ndi kuwonjezera gawo la PROFIBUS DP kuti likwaniritse kufunika kwa liwiro polandira mu digito. Njira yoyamba ndi yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo, koma idzasokonezedwa ndi kutumiza kwamagetsi komwe kukuchitika, zomwe zimakhudza kulondola kwa kuwongolera; Ngakhale njira yachiwiri ndi yokwera mtengo, imatha kutsimikizira kulondola kwa deta mu njira yotumizira ndi kulondola kwa kuwongolera. Chifukwa chake, dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito DCS500 zinayi kuwongolera ma dynamometer awiri ndi ma motor awiri opopera madzi motsatana. Monga siteshoni ya PROFIBUS DP slave, zida zinayizi zimalumikizana ndi master station PLC mu master-slave mode. PLC imayang'anira kuyambika / kuyimitsa kwa dynamometer ndi pampu motor, imatumiza liwiro la kuthamanga kwa mota ku DCS500 kudzera mu PROFIBUS DP, ndikupeza momwe injini imagwirira ntchito ndi magawo kuchokera ku DCS500, ndikuzitumiza ku IPC yapamwamba kudzera mu PROFIBUS FMS kuti ikwaniritse kuyang'anira nthawi yeniyeni.

PLC imasankha gawo la afp37911 lopangidwa ndi NAIS Europe ngati siteshoni yayikulu, yomwe imathandizira ma protocol a FMS ndi DP nthawi imodzi. Gawoli ndiye siteshoni yayikulu ya FMS ndipo imalumikizana ndi IPC ndi dongosolo lopezera deta mu master master mode; Ndi siteshoni yayikulu ya DP, yomwe imalumikizana ndi master-slave ndi DCS500.

Dongosolo lopezera deta limagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa basi wa VXI kuti lisonkhanitse magawo osiyanasiyana a dynamometer ndikuziwonetsa pazenera lalikulu, ndikupanga zotsatira za * * * m'matebulo ndi ma graph (gawoli limamalizidwa ndi makampani ena). IPC imalumikizana ndi dongosolo lopezera deta kudzera mu FMS. Kapangidwe ka dongosolo lonse kakuwonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 2.
1.1 fieldbus PROFIBUS PROFIBUS ndi muyezo womwe wapangidwa ndi makampani 13 monga Siemens ndi AEC ndi mabungwe 5 ofufuza zasayansi mu polojekiti yogwirizana. Walembedwa mu European standard en50170 ndipo ndi umodzi mwa miyezo yovomerezeka ya fieldbus yamafakitale ku China. Uli ndi mitundu iyi:
·PROFIBUS FMS  imathetsa ntchito zonse zolumikizirana pamlingo wa msonkhano  imapereka mautumiki ambiri olumikizirana  imamaliza ntchito zolumikizirana zozungulira komanso zosazungulira ndi liwiro lapakati lotumizira mauthenga. Gawo la Profibus la NAIS limathandizira * * * liwiro lolumikizirana la 1.2mbps ndipo silithandizira njira yolumikizirana yozungulira  lingagwiritse ntchito MMA  kutumizirana deta kosazungulira  kulumikizana kwakukulu  kulumikizana ndi malo ena akuluakulu a FMS  ndipo gawoli siligwirizana ndi PROFIBUS FMS ya kampani * * *  chifukwa chake, mtundu umodzi wa PROFIBUS sungagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga dongosolo.
·PROFIBUS PA  ukadaulo wodziwika bwino wotumizira mauthenga wotetezeka womwe wapangidwira makina oyendetsera ntchito  umakwaniritsa njira yolumikizirana yomwe yafotokozedwa mu iec1158-2  ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe ali ndi zofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo ndi malo oyendetsedwa ndi basi. Njira yotumizira mauthenga yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dongosololi ndi copper shield twisted pair  njira yolumikizirana ndi RS485  ndipo liwiro la kulumikizana ndi 500kbps. Kugwiritsa ntchito basi yamagetsi yamagetsi kumapereka chitsimikizo cha chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa dongosololi.
1.2 Kompyuta yowongolera mafakitale ya IPC
Kompyuta yowongolera mafakitale yapamwamba imagwiritsa ntchito kompyuta yowongolera mafakitale ya Advantech ku Taiwan  imayendetsa makina ogwiritsira ntchito a Windows NT4.0  imagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yosinthira mafakitale ya WinCC ya Siemens  sikirini yayikulu ikuwonetsa momwe ntchito ikuyendera komanso zambiri za mawu a dongosololi, ndikuwonetsa bwino momwe payipi imayendera komanso momwe imatsekereza. Deta yonse imatumizidwa ndi PLC kudzera pa PROFIBUS. IPC ili ndi khadi la netiweki ya profiboard yopangidwa ndi kampani yofewetsa yaku Germany, yomwe idapangidwira makamaka PROFIBUS. Kudzera mu pulogalamu yosinthira yoperekedwa ndi kufewetsa, maukonde amatha kumalizidwa, ubale wolumikizirana ndi netiweki Cr (ubale wolumikizirana) ukhoza kukhazikitsidwa, ndipo dikishonale ya chinthu OD (dikishonale ya chinthu) ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa. WINCC imapangidwa ndi Siemens. Imathandizira kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi S5 / S7 PLC ya kampaniyo, ndipo imatha kulumikizana ndi PLC ina kudzera muukadaulo wa DDE woperekedwa ndi windows. Kampani ya mapulogalamu imapereka mapulogalamu a seva ya DDE kuti akwaniritse kulumikizana kwa PROFIBUS ndi WinCC.
1.2 PLC
Fp10sh ya kampani ya NAIS yasankhidwa kukhala PLC.

(2) ntchito ya dongosolo lowongolera
Kuwonjezera pa kuwongolera ma mota awiri opopera madzi ndi ma dynamometer awiri, makina owongolera amafunikanso kuwongolera ma valve amagetsi 28, ma mota anayi olemera, ma mota 8 opopera mafuta, ma mota atatu opopera vacuum, ma mota anayi opopera mafuta ndi ma valve awiri opaka mafuta. Njira yoyendera ndi kuyenda kwa madzi zimayendetsedwa ndi switch ya valavu kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira za ogwiritsa ntchito.
2.1 mutu wokhazikika Sinthani liwiro lozungulira la pampu yamadzi: ipangitseni kukhala yokhazikika pamtengo winawake, ndipo mutu wamadzi ukhale wokhazikika panthawiyi; Sinthani liwiro la dynamometer kufika pamtengo winawake. Pambuyo poti ntchito yakhazikika kwa mphindi 2-4, sonkhanitsani deta yoyenera. Pa nthawi yoyesa, ndikofunikira kuti mutu wamadzi usasinthe. Disiki ya code imayikidwa pa mota ya pampu kuti itenge liwiro la mota, kuti DCS500 ipange chowongolera chotsekedwa. Liwiro la pampu yamadzi limalowetsedwa ndi kiyibodi ya IPC.
Liwiro lokhazikika la 2.2
Sinthani liwiro la dynamometer kuti likhale lokhazikika pamtengo winawake, ndipo liwiro la dynamometer likhale lokhazikika; Sinthani liwiro la pampu kufika pamtengo winawake (monga sinthani mutu), ndikusonkhanitsa deta yoyenera pambuyo poti ntchito yakhazikika kwa mphindi 2-4. DCS500 imapanga kuzungulira kotsekedwa kwa liwiro la dynamometer kuti ikhazikitse liwiro la dynamometer.
2.3 mayeso othawa
Sinthani liwiro la dynamometer kufika pamtengo winawake ndikusunga liwiro la dynamometer lisasinthe  Sinthani liwiro la pampu yamadzi kuti mphamvu yotulutsa ya dynamometer ikhale pafupifupi zero (pansi pa mkhalidwe uwu wogwirira ntchito, dynamometer imagwira ntchito popanga magetsi ndi magetsi), ndikusonkhanitsa deta yoyenera. Pa nthawi yoyesa, liwiro la mota ya pampu limafunika kukhala lokhazikika komanso lolamulidwa ndi DCS500.
2.4 Kuwerengera kayendedwe ka madzi
Dongosololi lili ndi matanki awiri owongolera kayendedwe ka madzi kuti azitha kuyeza mita yoyendera madzi mu dongosololi. Musanayeze, choyamba yang'anani kuchuluka kwa madzi oyenda, kenako yambani injini ya pampu yamadzi, ndikusintha liwiro lozungulira la injini ya pampu yamadzi mosalekeza. Panthawiyi, samalani kuchuluka kwa madzi oyenda. Mtengo wa madzi oyenda ukafika pamtengo wofunikira, pangani injini ya pampu yamadzi kukhala yokhazikika pa liwiro lozungulira lomwe lilipo (panthawiyi, madzi amazungulira mu payipi yoyezera madzi). Khazikitsani nthawi yosinthira ya deflector. Pambuyo poti mkhalidwe wogwirira ntchito wakhazikika, yatsani valavu ya solenoid ndikuyamba nthawi. Nthawi yomweyo, sinthani madzi omwe ali mu payipi kupita ku thanki yoyezera madzi. Nthawi yokwanira ikatha, valavu ya solenoid imachotsedwa. Panthawiyi, madzi amasinthidwa kupita ku payipi yoyezera madzi, ndipo liwiro lozungulira la injini ya pampu yamadzi limachepetsedwa kuti likhale lokhazikika pa liwiro linalake. Werengani zambiri zoyenera. Kenako tulutsani madzi ndikuwongola mfundo yotsatira.
Kusintha kwa 2.5 pamanja / kodziyimira payokha kosasokonezeka
Pofuna kukonza ndi kukonza zolakwika pa makina, kiyibodi yopangidwa ndi manja imapangidwira makinawo. Wogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuwongolera momwe valavu inayake imagwirira ntchito payekha kudzera pa kiyibodi popanda kukakamizidwa ndi kutsekeka. Makinawa amagwiritsa ntchito gawo la NAIS la I / O, lomwe lingapangitse kiyibodi kugwira ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana. Pakusintha kwamanja / kodziyimira pawokha, momwe valavu imagwirira ntchito sikusintha.
Dongosololi limagwiritsa ntchito PLC ngati chowongolera chachikulu, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti dongosololi likhale losavuta ndikuwonetsetsa kuti dongosololi likudalirika komanso losamalika; PROFIBUS imakwaniritsa kutumiza deta kwathunthu, imapewa kusokonezedwa ndi ma elekitiromagineti, ndikupangitsa kuti dongosololi likwaniritse zofunikira pakulondola kwa kapangidwe; Kugawana deta pakati pa zida zosiyanasiyana kumachitika; Kusinthasintha kwa PROFIBUS kumapereka mikhalidwe yabwino yokulitsa dongosolo. Ndondomeko yopangira dongosolo yozikidwa pa basi ya mafakitale idzakhala gawo lalikulu la ntchito zamafakitale.