Posachedwapa, Chigawo cha Sichuan chinatulutsa chikalatacho "chidziwitso chadzidzidzi chokhudza kukulitsa mphamvu zamagetsi kwa mabizinesi ndi anthu", chomwe chimafuna kuti ogwiritsa ntchito magetsi onse asiye kupanga kwa masiku 6 mu ndondomeko yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi mwadongosolo. Zotsatira zake, makampani ambiri omwe adatchulidwa adakhudzidwa. Ndi kuperekedwa kwa mauthenga angapo, kugawa magetsi ku Sichuan kwakhala nkhani yodziwika bwino.
Malinga ndi chikalata chomwe chinaperekedwa pamodzi ndi Dipatimenti ya Zachuma ndi Ukadaulo wa Chidziwitso cha Sichuan Province ndi kampani yamagetsi ya State Grid Sichuan, nthawi yoletsa mphamvuyi ndi kuyambira 0:00 pa Ogasiti 15 mpaka 24:00 pa Ogasiti 20, 2022. Pambuyo pake, makampani angapo omwe adatchulidwa adapereka zilengezo zoyenera, ponena kuti alandira zidziwitso zoyenera za boma ndipo agwirizana ndi kukhazikitsa.
Malinga ndi zomwe zalengezedwa ndi makampani omwe atchulidwa, mitundu ya makampani ndi mafakitale omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu ku Sichuan ndi monga zinthu za silicon, feteleza wa mankhwala, mankhwala, mabatire, ndi zina zotero. Zonsezi ndi mabizinesi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, ndipo mafakitale awa ndi omwe achititsa kuti mitengo ikwere kwambiri posachedwapa. Tsopano, kampaniyo yakhala ikutseka kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo zotsatira zake pamakampaniwa ndizokwanira kukopa chidwi cha onse.
Sichuan ndi chigawo chachikulu mumakampani opanga magetsi opangidwa ndi photovoltaic ku China. Kuwonjezera pa makampani am'deralo a Tongwei, Jingke energy ndi ukadaulo wa GCL zakhazikitsa maziko opangira magetsi ku Sichuan. Tiyenera kunena kuti kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu za photovoltaic silicon ndi ndodo zokokera ndi kwakukulu, ndipo kuchepetsa mphamvu kumakhudza kwambiri maulalo awiriwa. Kuchepetsa mphamvu kumeneku kumapangitsa msika kuda nkhawa ngati kusalingana pakati pa kupereka ndi kufunikira kwa unyolo wa mafakitale womwe ulipo kudzawonjezeka kwambiri.
Malinga ndi deta, mphamvu yonse yogwira ntchito ya silikoni yachitsulo ku Sichuan ndi matani 817000, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale pafupifupi 16% ya mphamvu yonse ya dzikolo. Mu Julayi, mphamvu yotulutsa silikoni yachitsulo ku Sichuan inali matani 65600, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale 21% ya mphamvu yonse ya dzikolo. Pakadali pano, mtengo wa zinthu za silikoni wakhala pamlingo wapamwamba. Pa Ogasiti 10, mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wa chakudya cha kristalo imodzi wakwera kufika pa 308000 yuan pa tani.
Kuwonjezera pa zipangizo za silicon ndi mafakitale ena omwe akhudzidwa ndi mfundo zoletsa mphamvu, electrolytic aluminiyamu, lithiamu batire, feteleza ndi mafakitale ena m'chigawo cha Sichuan nawonso akhudzidwa.
Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa Julayi, magazini ya mphamvu inamva kuti mabizinesi amakampani ndi amalonda ku Chengdu ndi madera ozungulira anali ndi vuto la kugawa magetsi. Munthu woyang'anira kampani yopanga zinthu anauza mtolankhani wa Energy Magazine kuti: "tiyenera kuyembekezera magetsi osasokonezeka tsiku lililonse. Choopsa kwambiri n'chakuti mwadzidzidzi timauzidwa kuti magetsi azimitsidwa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo tilibe nthawi yokonzekera kuzimitsa."
Sichuan ndi chigawo chachikulu cha magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso, ndi nthawi yamvula. Nchifukwa chiyani pali vuto lalikulu la kuchepa kwa magetsi ku Sichuan?
Kusowa kwa madzi nthawi yamvula ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe Chigawo cha Sichuan chikukakamizika kukhazikitsa malamulo okhwima okhudza mphamvu chaka chino.
Mphamvu zamagetsi zamadzi ku China zili ndi zizindikiro zomveka bwino za "chilimwe chochuluka ndi chisanu chouma". Nthawi zambiri, nyengo yamvula ku Sichuan imayambira mu June mpaka October, ndipo nyengo yamvula imayambira mu December mpaka April.
Komabe, nyengo yachilimwe ino ndi yachilendo kwambiri.
Poganizira za kusamalira madzi, chilala cha chaka chino ndi chachikulu kwambiri, chomwe chikukhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa madzi mu Mtsinje wa Yangtze. Kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa June, mvula mu Mtsinje wa Yangtze yasintha kuchoka pa kuchuluka kufika pa kuchepa. Pakati pawo, mvula kumapeto kwa mwezi wa June ndi yochepera 20%, ndipo mu Julayi ndi yochepera 30%. Makamaka, mtsinje waukulu wa m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa Yangtze ndi madzi a Nyanja ya Poyang ndi wochepera 50%, womwe ndi wotsika kwambiri munthawi yomweyi m'zaka 10 zapitazi.
Mu kuyankhulana, Zhang Jun, mkulu wa bungwe la hydrology la Yangtze River Commission komanso mkulu wa malo odziwitsira za madzi ndi kuneneratu zamtsogolo, anati: pakadali pano, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa madzi obwera, mphamvu yosungira madzi m'malo ambiri osungira madzi m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Yangtze ndi yochepa, ndipo madzi a mtsinje waukulu pakati ndi pansi pa mtsinje wa Yangtze nawonso akuchepa mosalekeza, zomwe ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa nthawi yomweyi m'mbiri. Mwachitsanzo, madzi a m'malo akuluakulu monga Hankou ndi Datong ndi otsika mamita 5-6. Zikunenedwa kuti mvula mu Mtsinje wa Yangtze idzakhalabe yochepa pakati ndi kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, makamaka kum'mwera kwa madera apakati ndi pansi pa mtsinje wa Yangtze.
Pa Ogasiti 13, madzi pa siteshoni ya Hankou ya Mtsinje wa Yangtze ku Wuhan anali 17.55m, zomwe zinatsika kwambiri kuyambira nthawi yomweyi kuyambira pomwe zolemba zamadzi zidalembedwa.
Nyengo youma sikuti imangochepetsa kwambiri kupanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi, komanso imawonjezera mwachindunji mphamvu yoziziritsira.
Kuyambira chilimwe chitayamba, chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri, kufunikira kwa mphamvu yoziziritsira mpweya kwakwera kwambiri. Kugulitsa kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ya State Grid Sichuan mu Julayi kunafika pa 29.087 biliyoni kwh, kuwonjezeka kwa 19.79% pachaka, ndikuyika mbiri yatsopano yogulitsa magetsi mwezi umodzi.
Kuyambira pa 4 mpaka 16 Julayi, Sichuan idakumana ndi nyengo yotentha kwambiri komanso yotentha kwambiri yomwe sinachitikepo m'mbiri yonse. Mphamvu yayikulu ya gridi yamagetsi ya Sichuan idafika pa ma kilowatts 59.1 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa 14% poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha. Avereji ya magetsi omwe anthu okhala m'derali amagwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse idafika pa 344 miliyoni kwh, kuwonjezeka kwa 93.3% poyerekeza ndi chaka chatha.
Kumbali imodzi, magetsi amachepa kwambiri, ndipo kumbali ina, mphamvu ya magetsi ikupitirira kukwera. Kusalingana pakati pa magetsi ndi kufunikira kwa magetsi kukupitirirabe kutayika ndipo sikungatheke kuchepetsedwa. Izi pamapeto pake zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu zichepe.
Zifukwa Zakuya:
Kusemphana kwa kupereka ndi kusowa kwa luso lolamulira
Komabe, Sichuan ndi chigawo chofala kwambiri chotumizira magetsi. Pofika mu June 2022, gridi yamagetsi ya Sichuan yasonkhanitsa magetsi okwana 1.35 thililiyoni kwh ku East China, Northwest China, North China, pakati pa China, Chongqing ndi Tibet.
Izi zili choncho chifukwa magetsi omwe ali m'chigawo cha Sichuan ndi ochuluka kwambiri pankhani yopanga magetsi. Mu 2021, mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'chigawo cha Sichuan idzakhala 432.95 biliyoni kwh, pomwe mphamvu yomwe anthu onse amagwiritsa ntchito idzakhala 327.48 biliyoni kwh yokha. Ngati situmizidwa, padzakhalabe kutaya mphamvu yamagetsi yamadzi ku Sichuan.
Pakadali pano, mphamvu yotumizira magetsi ku Sichuan Province yafika pa ma kilowatts 30.6 miliyoni, ndipo pali njira zinayi zotumizira magetsi molunjika ndi zisanu ndi zitatu zosinthirana.
Komabe, kutumiza kwa Sichuan Hydropower sikutanthauza kuti “Ndimagwiritsa ntchito kaye, kenako ndikupereka pamene sindingathe kuigwiritsa ntchito,” koma ndi mfundo yofanana ya “kulipirira pamene mukupita”. Pali mgwirizano pa “nthawi yotumizira ndi kuchuluka kwa kutumiza” m’zigawo zomwe magetsi amaperekedwa.
Anzanu ku Sichuan angamve ngati "osalungama", koma izi zikusonyeza kufunika kwa mgwirizano. Ngati palibe kutumiza kunja, kumanga magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi ku Sichuan Province kudzakhala kosapindulitsa, ndipo sipadzakhala malo ambiri opangira magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi. Iyi ndi mtengo wa chitukuko motsatira dongosolo ndi njira zomwe zilipo.
Komabe, ngakhale palibe magetsi ochokera kunja, pakadalibe kusowa kwa magetsi nyengo iliyonse ku Sichuan, chigawo chachikulu cha magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi.
Pali kusiyana kwa nyengo ndi kusowa kwa mphamvu yolamulira madzi otuluka mu magetsi amadzi ku China. Izi zikutanthauza kuti malo opangira magetsi amadzi amangodalira kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe akubwera kuti apange magetsi. Nyengo yozizira ikadzayamba, mphamvu yopangira magetsi a malo opangira magetsi amadzi idzachepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu yamagetsi yamadzi ku China ili ndi zizindikiro zomveka bwino za "chilimwe chochuluka ndi chisanu chouma". Nthawi zambiri, nyengo yamvula ku Sichuan imayamba kuyambira Juni mpaka Okutobala, ndipo nyengo youma imayamba kuyambira Disembala mpaka Epulo.
Mu nyengo yamvula, mphamvu zamagetsi zimakhala zambiri, ndipo ngakhale mphamvu zamagetsi zimaposa mphamvu zomwe zimafunidwa, kotero pali "madzi otsala". Mu nyengo yachilimwe, mphamvu zamagetsi zimakhala zosakwanira, zomwe zingapangitse kuti mphamvu zamagetsi zipitirire mphamvu zomwe zimafunidwa.
Zachidziwikire, Chigawo cha Sichuan chilinso ndi njira zina zoyendetsera nyengo, ndipo tsopano makamaka ndi malamulo okhudza kutentha.
Pofika mu Okutobala 2021, mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ku Sichuan Province idapitilira ma kilowatts 100 miliyoni, kuphatikiza ma kilowatts 85.9679 miliyoni amagetsi amadzi ndi ma kilowatts osakwana 20 miliyoni amagetsi amagetsi. Malinga ndi dongosolo la zaka 14 la mphamvu ya Sichuan, pofika chaka cha 2025, mphamvu yamagetsi idzakhala pafupifupi ma kilowatts 23 miliyoni.
Komabe, mu Julayi chaka chino, mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri ya gridi yamagetsi ya Sichuan idafika ma kilowatts 59.1 miliyoni. Zachidziwikire, ngati pali vuto lalikulu kuti magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi sangathe kupanga magetsi m'madzi ochepa (ngakhale popanda kuganizira zoletsa mafuta), zimakhala zovuta kuthandizira mphamvu yamagetsi ya Sichuan pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya kutentha yokha.
Njira ina yolamulira ndi kudzilamulira wekha mphamvu yamagetsi. Choyamba, malo opangira magetsi amadzi ndi malo osungira madzi okhala ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana zosungira madzi. Malamulo a madzi a nyengo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti apereke magetsi nthawi yachilimwe. Komabe, malo osungira madzi a m'malo opangira magetsi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa zosungira madzi komanso mphamvu zochepa zosungira madzi. Chifukwa chake, malo osungira madzi otsogola amafunika.
Malo osungira magetsi ku Longtou amamangidwa pamwamba pa malo opangira magetsi m'chitsimecho. Mphamvu zopangira magetsi zomwe zayikidwa ndi zazing'ono kapena ayi, koma mphamvu yosungiramo magetsi ndi yayikulu. Mwanjira imeneyi, kuwongolera kayendedwe ka madzi m'nyengo kumatha kuchitika.
Malinga ndi deta ya boma la chigawo cha Sichuan, mphamvu yokhazikika ya malo opangira magetsi okhala ndi mphamvu ya nyengo ndi yoposa mphamvu zonse ndi yochepera 40% ya mphamvu yonse ya mphamvu yamagetsi yamadzi yomwe idayikidwa. Ngati kusowa kwakukulu kwa magetsi m'chilimwe chino ndi chifukwa cha nthawi zina, kusowa kwa magetsi m'nyengo youma m'nyengo yozizira ku Sichuan kungakhale vuto lachibadwa.
Kodi mungapewe bwanji kuchepetsa mphamvu?
Pali mavuto osiyanasiyana. Choyamba, vuto la nyengo yamagetsi amadzi liyenera kulimbitsa ntchito yomanga dziwe lotsogolera komanso kumanga magetsi osinthasintha. Poganizira zoletsa mpweya wa kaboni mtsogolo, kumanga malo opangira magetsi otenthetsera sikungakhale lingaliro labwino.
Ponena za zomwe dziko la Norway, lomwe lili ku Nordic, likuchita, 90% ya mphamvu zake zimaperekedwa ndi mphamvu yamadzi, zomwe sizimangotsimikizira chitetezo ndi kukhazikika kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ya m'nyumba, komanso zimatha kutulutsa mphamvu yobiriwira. Chinsinsi cha kupambana chili pakumanga bwino msika wamagetsi ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino mphamvu zonse zoyendetsera dziwe lokha.
Ngati vuto la nyengo silingathe kuthetsedwa, malinga ndi msika weniweni ndi zachuma, mphamvu zamagetsi zimasiyana ndi kusefukira kwa madzi ndi kouma, kotero mtengo wamagetsi uyenera kusintha mwachibadwa ndi kusintha kwa kupezeka ndi kufunikira. Kodi izi zidzafooketsa kukopeka kwa Sichuan ndi mabizinesi ogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri?
Zachidziwikire, izi sizingachitike mwachisawawa. Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi yoyera komanso yongowonjezwdwa. Sikuti mtengo wamagetsi wokha komanso mtengo wake wobiriwira uyenera kuganiziridwa. Kuphatikiza apo, vuto la madzi ambiri ndi madzi ochepa amagetsi amagetsi likhoza kukhazikika pambuyo pomanga dziwe la Longtou. Ngakhale malonda amsika angapangitse kuti mitengo yamagetsi isinthe, sipadzakhala kusiyana kwakukulu nthawi zambiri.
Kodi tingasinthe malamulo a kutumiza mphamvu zakunja ku Sichuan? Pansi pa lamulo la "kutenga kapena kulipira", ngati magetsi alowa munthawi yosasunthika, ngakhale kuti gulu lolandira magetsi silikufuna mphamvu zambiri zakunja, liyenera kuilandira, ndipo kutayika kudzakhala zofuna za makampani opanga magetsi m'chigawochi.
Chifukwa chake, sipanakhalepo lamulo langwiro, koma kuti likhale lolungama momwe zingathere. Malinga ndi momwe "gridi imodzi yadziko lonse" ikuvutira kuikwaniritsa kwakanthawi, chifukwa cha msika wamagetsi okwanira komanso kusowa kwa mphamvu zobiriwira, kungakhale kofunikira choyamba kuganizira malire a msika wa zigawo zotumizira, kenako zomwe zikulandira msika zikugwira ntchito mwachindunji ndi zomwe zikutumiza msika. Mwanjira imeneyi, n'zotheka kukwaniritsa zofunikira za "kusowa kwa magetsi m'zigawo kumapeto kwa magetsi" ndi "kugula magetsi pakafunika m'zigawo kumapeto kwa magetsi"
Pankhani ya kusalingana kwakukulu pakati pa magetsi ndi kufunikira kwawo, kuchepetsa mphamvu komwe kukukonzekera mosakayikira kuli bwino kuposa kuchepetsa mphamvu mwadzidzidzi, zomwe zimapewa kutayika kwakukulu kwachuma. Kuchepetsa mphamvu si mapeto, koma njira yopewera ngozi zazikulu za gridi yamagetsi.
M'zaka ziwiri zapitazi, "kugawa mphamvu" kwawonekera mwadzidzidzi m'masomphenya athu. Izi zikusonyeza kuti nthawi yogawa mphamvu yakukula mwachangu kwa makampani opanga magetsi yadutsa. Motsogozedwa ndi zinthu zingapo, tingafunike kukumana ndi vuto lovuta kwambiri la magetsi komanso kufunikira kwa magetsi.
Kulimbana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto molimba mtima komanso kuthetsa mavuto kudzera mu kusintha, luso lamakono ndi njira zina ndiyo njira yoyenera kwambiri yochotseratu malire a mphamvu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-17-2022
