Posachedwapa, Chigawo cha Sichuan chinapereka chikalatacho "chidziwitso chadzidzidzi chokulitsa kuchuluka kwa magetsi m'mabizinesi amakampani ndi anthu", chofuna kuti onse ogwiritsa ntchito magetsi asiye kupanga kwa masiku 6 mundondomeko yogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mwadongosolo. Zotsatira zake, makampani ambiri omwe adalembedwa adakhudzidwa. Ndi kuperekedwa kwa ma communiques angapo, kugawa mphamvu ku Sichuan kwakhala mutu wovuta kwambiri.
Malinga ndi chikalata chomwe chinaperekedwa pamodzi ndi Dipatimenti ya Zachuma ndi Zamakono za Chigawo cha Sichuan ndi kampani yamagetsi yamagetsi ya State Grid Sichuan, nthawi yoletsa mphamvuyi imachokera ku 0:00 pa Ogasiti 15 mpaka 24:00 pa Ogasiti 20, 2022.
Malinga ndi zilengezo za makampani otchulidwa, mitundu ya makampani ndi mafakitale omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kuchepa kwa mphamvu kwa Sichuan panopa akuphatikizapo zipangizo za silicon, feteleza wa mankhwala, mankhwala, mabatire, ndi zina zotero. Izi ndizo makampani omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, ndipo mafakitalewa ndi omwe amachititsa kuti mitengo ikhale yokwera kwambiri pakukwera kwaposachedwa kwa zinthu zambiri. Tsopano, kampaniyo idayimitsidwa kwanthawi yayitali, ndipo zotsatira zake pamakampani ndizokwanira kukopa chidwi chamagulu onse.
Sichuan ndi chigawo chachikulu pamakampani opanga ma photovoltaic ku China. Kuphatikiza pa Tongwei yamabizinesi am'deralo, Jingke mphamvu ndiukadaulo wa GCL akhazikitsa maziko opangira ku Sichuan. Ziyenera kunenedwa kuti mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ya photovoltaic silicon kupanga zinthu ndi kukoka ndodo ndipamwamba, ndipo kuletsa mphamvu kumakhudza kwambiri maulalo awiriwa. Kuletsa kwamagetsi kumeneku kumapangitsa msika kukhala ndi nkhawa ngati kusalinganiza pakati pa kupezeka ndi kufunikira kwa ma chain omwe alipo kale kukulirakulira.
Malinga ndi deta, okwana mphamvu ya zitsulo pakachitsulo Sichuan ndi matani 817000, mlandu pafupifupi 16% ya mphamvu okwana dziko. Mu July, linanena bungwe zitsulo pakachitsulo Sichuan anali 65600 matani, mlandu 21% ya okwana kotunga dziko. Pakalipano, mtengo wazinthu za silicon wakhala wapamwamba kwambiri. Pa Ogasiti 10, mtengo wapamwamba wa kudyetsa kristalo kamodzi wakwera mpaka 308000 yuan / ton.
Kuphatikiza pa zida za silicon ndi mafakitale ena okhudzidwa ndi mfundo zoletsa mphamvu, aluminiyamu ya electrolytic, batire ya lithiamu, feteleza ndi mafakitale ena m'chigawo cha Sichuan nawonso adzakhudzidwa.
Kumayambiriro kwa Julayi, magazini yamagetsi inamva kuti mabizinesi amakampani ndi amalonda ku Chengdu ndi madera ozungulira adavutika ndi kugawikana kwa magetsi. Munthu wina woyang’anira bizinesi yopanga zinthu anauza mtolankhani wa Energy Magazine kuti: “Tiyenera kuyembekezera kuperekedwa kwa magetsi kosadukiza tsiku lililonse.” Chochititsa mantha kwambiri n’chakuti timauzidwa mwadzidzidzi kuti magetsi adzazimitsidwa mwamsanga, ndipo tiribe nthaŵi yokonzekera kuzimitsidwa.
Sichuan ndi chigawo chachikulu cha mphamvu yamadzi. Mongoyerekeza, ndi nyengo yamvula. Chifukwa chiyani pali vuto lalikulu la kuletsa mphamvu ku Sichuan?
Kusowa kwa madzi m'nyengo yamvula ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chigawo cha Sichuan chikukakamizika kukhazikitsa malamulo oletsa magetsi chaka chino.
Mphamvu yamadzi yaku China ili ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a "chilimwe chochuluka komanso chisanu chowuma". Nthawi zambiri, nyengo yamvula ku Sichuan imachokera mu June mpaka October, ndipo nyengo yamvula imayambira December mpaka April.
Komabe, nyengo yachilimweyi ndi yachilendo kwambiri.
Potengera kusamala madzi, chilala cha chaka chino ndi chovuta kwambiri, chomwe chakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa madzi mumtsinje wa Yangtze. Kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa June, mvula mumtsinje wa Yangtze River Basin yasintha kuchoka pambiri kupita kuchepera. Pakati pawo, mvula kumapeto kwa June ndi yochepera 20%, ndipo mu July ndi osachepera 30%. Makamaka, mtsinje waukulu wa m'munsi mwa Mtsinje wa Yangtze ndi madzi a Poyang Lake ndi osachepera 50%, omwe ndi otsika kwambiri panthawi yomweyi m'zaka 10 zapitazi.
Poyankhulana, Zhang Jun, mkulu wa hydrology Bureau ya Yangtze River Commission ndi mkulu wa chidziwitso cha madzi ndi malo owonetseratu, adati: pakalipano, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa madzi omwe akubwera, mphamvu yosungiramo madzi ambiri osungiramo mtsinje wa Yangtze ndi ochepa kwambiri, ndipo madzi a m'mphepete mwa mtsinje wa Yang amatsika kwambiri, ndipo mtsinje wa Yang umakhala wochepa kwambiri. amene ali otsika kwambiri kuposa amene analipo m’nyengo imodzimodziyo m’mbiri. Mwachitsanzo, madzi a masiteshoni akuluakulu monga Hankou ndi Datong ndi mamita 5-6 kutsika. Zikunenedwa kuti mvula mumtsinje wa Yangtze idzakhalabe yocheperako pakati ndi kumapeto kwa August, makamaka kumwera kwa madera apakati ndi otsika a mtsinje wa Yangtze.
Pa Ogasiti 13, mulingo wamadzi pa station ya Hankou pamtsinje wa Yangtze ku Wuhan unali 17.55m, womwe udatsika kwambiri panthawi yomweyi kuyambira mbiri ya hydrological.
The nyengo youma osati kumabweretsa kuchepetsa lakuthwa mu hydropower m'badwo, komanso mwachindunji kumawonjezera katundu mphamvu kuzirala.
Kuyambira kuchiyambi kwa chilimwe, chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri, kufunikira kwa mphamvu yoziziritsira mpweya kwakula. Kugulitsa kwa magetsi a State Grid Sichuan mu July kunafika pa 29.087 biliyoni kwh, kuwonjezeka kwa 19.79% pachaka, ndikuyika mbiri yatsopano yogulitsa magetsi mwezi umodzi.
Kuyambira pa Julayi 4 mpaka 16, Sichuan adakumana ndi nyengo yayitali komanso yotentha kwambiri yomwe sikunawonekere m'mbiri. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa gridi yamagetsi ya Sichuan kunafika pa kilowatts 59.1 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa 14% kuposa chaka chatha. Avareji yamagetsi ogwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse a anthu okhalamo adafikira 344 miliyoni kwh, chiwonjezeko cha 93.3% kuposa chaka chatha.
Kumbali imodzi, mphamvu yamagetsi imachepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo kumbali ina, mphamvu yamagetsi ikupitiriza kuwonjezeka. Kusagwirizana pakati pa magetsi ndi zofuna kukupitirizabe kutayika ndipo sikungatheke. Zomwe pamapeto pake zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu.
Zifukwa zozama:
Kusagwirizana kwa kupereka komanso kusowa kwa kuwongolera
Komabe, Sichuan ndi chigawo chachikhalidwe chotumizira mphamvu. Pofika mwezi wa June 2022, grid ya magetsi ya Sichuan yapeza 1.35 thililiyoni kwh ya magetsi ku East China, Northwest China, North China, central China, Chongqing ndi Tibet.
Izi zili choncho chifukwa magetsi m'chigawo cha Sichuan ndi ochuluka pakupanga magetsi. Mu 2021, mphamvu zopangira magetsi m'chigawo cha Sichuan zidzakhala 432.95 biliyoni kWh, pamene mphamvu ya anthu onse idzangokhala 327.48 biliyoni kwh. Ngati sichitumizidwa, ku Sichuan kudzawonongekabe mphamvu yamagetsi.
Pakalipano, mphamvu yotumizira mphamvu m'chigawo cha Sichuan yafika pa kilowati 30.6 miliyoni, ndipo pali "njira zinayi zolunjika ndi zisanu ndi zitatu" zotumizira.
Komabe, kutumiza kwa Sichuan Hydropower sikuli "Ndimagwiritsa ntchito poyamba, kenako ndikuipereka pamene sindingathe kuigwiritsa ntchito", koma mfundo yofanana ndi "malipiro pamene mukupita". Pali mgwirizano pa "nthawi yotumiza ndi kuchuluka kwa kutumiza" m'zigawo zomwe mphamvu zimaperekedwa.
Anzanu ku Sichuan angamve ngati "osalungama", koma izi zikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa mgwirizano. Ngati palibe kutumiza kunja, ntchito yopangira mphamvu yamadzi m'chigawo cha Sichuan sikhala yachuma, ndipo sipadzakhala malo opangira magetsi ambiri. Izi ndizo mtengo wa chitukuko pansi pa dongosolo lamakono ndi makina.
Komabe, ngakhale kulibe kutulutsa magetsi kwakunja, ku Sichuan komwe ndi chigawo chachikulu chopangira mphamvu yamadzi kulibe vuto la nyengo.
Pali kusiyana kwa nyengo komanso kusowa kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe ka madzi ku China. Izi zikutanthauza kuti malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi atha kudalira kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe akubwera kuti apange magetsi. Nyengo ya chilimwe ikadzafika, mphamvu yopangira magetsi pamalo opangira magetsi amadzi idzachepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, magetsi aku China ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a "chilimwe chochuluka komanso chisanu chowuma". Nthawi zambiri, nyengo yamvula ku Sichuan imachokera mu June mpaka October, ndipo nyengo yamvula imayambira December mpaka April.
M'nyengo yamvula, mphamvu zamagetsi zimakhala zazikulu, ndipo ngakhale zowonjezera zimaposa zofunikira, kotero pali "madzi osiyidwa". M'nyengo yachilimwe, kupanga magetsi kumakhala kosakwanira, zomwe zingapangitse kuti pakhale kufunika kochulukirapo.
Zachidziwikire, Chigawo cha Sichuan chilinso ndi njira zina zoyendetsera nyengo, ndipo tsopano ndikuwongolera mphamvu zamafuta.
Pofika Okutobala 2021, mphamvu ya mphamvu yoyikidwa ya Chigawo cha Sichuan idapitilira ma kilowati 100 miliyoni, kuphatikiza ma kilowati 85.9679 miliyoni amagetsi opangira madzi komanso ma kilowati ochepera 20 miliyoni amphamvu yotentha. Malinga ndi dongosolo la 14 lazaka zisanu la mphamvu ya Sichuan, pofika 2025, mphamvu yotentha idzakhala pafupifupi ma kilowatts 23 miliyoni.
Komabe, mu July chaka chino, pazipita mphamvu katundu wa gululi mphamvu Sichuan anafika 59.1 miliyoni kilowatts. Mwachiwonekere, ngati pali vuto lalikulu lomwe hydropower silingathe kupanga magetsi m'madzi otsika (ngakhale osaganizira zoletsa mafuta), zimakhala zovuta kuthandizira mphamvu ya Sichuan ndi mphamvu yamafuta yokha.
Njira inanso yoyendetsera mphamvu ndikudziwongolera pawokha mphamvu yamagetsi amadzi. Choyamba, malo opangira magetsi amadzinso ndi malo osungiramo madzi omwe ali ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana zosungiramo madzi. Kuwongolera madzi kwanyengo kutha kukhazikitsidwa kuti azipereka magetsi m'nyengo yachilimwe. Komabe, malo osungiramo magetsi opangira mphamvu yamadzi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malo ochepa osungira komanso kusawongolera bwino. Chifukwa chake, chosungira chotsogolera ndichofunika.
Malo osungiramo madzi a Longtou amamangidwa kumtunda kwambiri kwa siteshoni yamagetsi mu beseni. Mphamvu yopangira mphamvu yoyikapo ndi yaying'ono kapena ayi, koma mphamvu yosungira ndi yayikulu. Mwa njira iyi, kuwongolera kwa nyengo kumatha kuchitika.
Malinga ndi zomwe boma lachigawo cha Sichuan, mphamvu zomwe zidayikidwa m'malo opangira magetsi omwe ali ndi nyengo komanso kupitilira muyeso ndi zosakwana 40% ya mphamvu zonse zomwe zidayikidwa pamadzi. Ngati kusowa kwakukulu kwa magetsi m'chilimwechi kumakhala kochitika nthawi zina, kuchepa kwa magetsi m'nyengo yachilimwe m'nyengo yozizira ku Sichuan kungakhale chinthu chachilendo.
Kodi mungapewe bwanji kuchepetsa mphamvu?
Pali magawo angapo amavuto. Choyamba, vuto la nyengo yamagetsi amadzi liyenera kulimbikitsa ntchito yomanga mosungiramo madzi otsogolera komanso kumanga magetsi osinthika. Poganizira zovuta zamtsogolo za carbon, kumanga malo opangira magetsi otenthetsera sikungakhale lingaliro labwino.
Ponena za zomwe zinachitikira Norway, dziko la Nordic, 90% ya mphamvu zake zimaperekedwa ndi hydropower, zomwe sizimangotsimikizira chitetezo ndi kukhazikika kwa mphamvu zapakhomo, komanso zimatha kutulutsa mphamvu zobiriwira. Chinsinsi cha chipambano chagona pakumanga koyenera kwa msika wamagetsi komanso kusewera kwathunthu kwa mphamvu zowongolera posungira palokha.
Ngati vuto la nyengo silingathe kuthetsedwa, kuchokera ku msika wangwiro ndi zachuma, mphamvu ya hydropower ndi yosiyana ndi kusefukira kwa madzi ndi youma, kotero mtengo wamagetsi uyenera kusintha mwachibadwa ndi kusintha kwa katundu ndi zofuna. Kodi izi zitha kufooketsa chidwi cha Sichuan kumakampani omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri?
Inde, izi sizingakhale zofala. Hydropower ndi mphamvu yaukhondo komanso yongowonjezedwanso. Osati kokha mtengo wamagetsi komanso mtengo wake wobiriwira uyenera kuganiziridwa. Kuphatikiza apo, vuto la madzi ochulukirapo ndi madzi otsika amagetsi opangira magetsi litha kuwongolera pambuyo pomanga dziwe la Longtou. Ngakhale kugulitsa kwa msika kumabweretsa kusinthasintha kwa mtengo wamagetsi, sipadzakhala kusiyana kwakukulu pafupipafupi.
Kodi tingawunikenso malamulo a kufala kwa mphamvu zakunja kwa Sichuan? Pansi pa lamulo la "kutenga kapena kulipira", ngati magetsi alowa m'nthawi yotayirira, ngakhale chipani cholandira mphamvu sichikusowa mphamvu zambiri zakunja, chiyenera kuyamwa, ndipo kutayika kudzakhala zofuna zamakampani opanga magetsi m'chigawocho.
Choncho, sipanakhalepo lamulo langwiro, kuti likhale lachilungamo momwe zingathere. Pazifukwa zomwe "gululi wamtundu umodzi" ndizovuta kuzizindikira kwakanthawi, chifukwa cha msika wamagetsi wokwanira komanso kusowa kwa magetsi obiriwira, zingakhale zofunikira kuganizira kaye malire a msika wa zigawo zotumiza, ndiyeno mitu yolandila msika imayang'ana mwachindunji mitu yotumiza msika. Mwanjira imeneyi, ndizotheka kukwaniritsa zofunikira za "kusowa kwa mphamvu m'zigawo kumapeto kwa kutumiza mphamvu" ndi "kugula mphamvu pakufunika m'zigawo kumapeto kwa phwando lamagetsi"
Pankhani ya kusalinganika kwakukulu pakati pa magetsi ndi kufunika kwake, kuletsa mphamvu zomwe zakonzedwa mosakayika ndizabwino kuposa kuletsa mphamvu mwadzidzidzi, zomwe zimapewa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwachuma. Kuchepetsa mphamvu si mathero, koma njira yopewera ngozi zazikulu za grid yamagetsi.
M'zaka ziwiri zapitazi, "kuwerengera mphamvu" kwawonekera mwadzidzidzi m'masomphenya athu. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti nthawi yogawa gawo lachitukuko chofulumira chamakampani opanga mphamvu yadutsa. Chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo, titha kukumana ndi vuto lomwe likukulirakulirakulirakulirakulirakulirakulirakulirakulirakulirakulirakulirakulirakulirakulirakulirakulirakulirakulirakulirakulirakulirakwa kapezekedwe ka magetsi ndi kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kofunikira.
Kuthana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa molimba mtima ndikuthetsa mavuto kudzera mukusintha, luso laukadaulo ndi njira zina ndiye chisankho cholondola kwambiri "kuthetsanso kuchepetsa mphamvu" kachiwiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-17-2022
