M'zaka zaposachedwa, kukwera kwamphamvu kwamagetsi amagetsi kwapita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono ndipo kulimba kwachitukuko kwakula. Kupanga mphamvu ya Hydropower sikuwononga mphamvu zamchere. Kupanga mphamvu zamagetsi kumathandizira kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha komanso kuteteza chilengedwe, komanso kupititsa patsogolo kagwiritsidwe ntchito kazinthu komanso zofuna zachuma ndi anthu. Pansi pa kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni, ziyembekezo zachitukuko zamakampani opangira mphamvu zamagetsi akadali abwino kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mphamvu ya Hydropower ndi imodzi mwamagwero abwino kwambiri amagetsi kuti akwaniritse kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni
Monga mphamvu yaukhondo, mphamvu ya hydropower siyitulutsa mpweya uliwonse kapena kuipitsa; Monga mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa, bola ngati pali madzi, mphamvu yamadzi idzakhala yosatha. Pakadali pano, China ikuyang'anizana ndi udindo wofunikira kwambiri pakukweza mpweya wa carbon and carbon neutralization. Mphamvu ya Hydropower sikuti ndi yaukhondo komanso yopanda umuna, komanso yosamalira zachilengedwe, ndipo imatha kutenga nawo gawo pakuwongolera kwambiri. Mphamvu ya Hydropower ndi imodzi mwamagwero abwino kwambiri amagetsi kuti akwaniritse kusalowerera ndale kwa kaboni. Poyembekezera zam'tsogolo, magetsi aku China apitiliza kugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri polimbikitsa kukwaniritsa cholinga cha "carbon double".
1. Kodi kusungirako kupopa kumapanga ndalama pa chiyani
Malo opangira magetsi opopera aku China amawononga magetsi okwana ma kilowati 4 ndipo amangotulutsa magetsi okwana 3 kilowatt pambuyo popopa, ndi mphamvu ya 75% yokha.
Malo opangira magetsi opopera amapopa madzi pamene katundu wa gridi yamagetsi ali otsika, amasintha mphamvu yamagetsi kukhala mphamvu yamadzi, ndikuyisunga. Katunduyo akachuluka, amatulutsa madzi kuti apange magetsi. Zili ngati chuma chamtengo wapatali chopangidwanso ndi madzi.
Pakupopa ndi kupanga, n'zosapeŵeka kuti padzakhala zotayika. Pa avareji, malo opangira magetsi opopera amatha kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi okwana 4 kwh popopa 3 kwh iliyonse yamagetsi, ndipo mphamvu yake imakhala pafupifupi 75%.
Ndiye funso likubwera: kodi zimawononga ndalama zingati kumanga "chuma chobweza" chachikulu chotere?
Yangjiang Pumped Storage Power Station ndiye malo akulu kwambiri opopera magetsi omwe ali ndi mphamvu imodzi yayikulu kwambiri, mutu wapamwamba kwambiri komanso kuya kwakukulu kokwiriridwa ku China. Ili ndi seti yoyamba ya 400000 kW pumped storage units yokhala ndi mutu wa 700 metres paokha opangidwa ndikupangidwa ku China, ndi mphamvu yokonzekera yoyika 2.4 miliyoni KW.
Zikumveka kuti pulojekiti ya Yangjiang Pumped Storage Power Station ili ndi ndalama zokwana 7.627 biliyoni ndipo imangidwa m'magawo awiri. Mphamvu zopangira magetsi pachaka ndi 3.6 biliyoni kwh, ndipo mphamvu zopopa pachaka ndi 4.8 biliyoni.
Yang yosungirako magetsi si njira yachuma yothetsera nyengo pachimake katundu wa Guangdong mphamvu gululi, komanso njira zofunika patsogolo magwiritsidwe dzuwa ndi chitetezo mlingo wa mphamvu nyukiliya ndi mphamvu Western, kukhala mphamvu zatsopano ndi kugwirizana ndi ntchito otetezeka ndi khola mphamvu ya nyukiliya. Ili ndi tanthauzo lofunikira komanso labwino kuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito yokhazikika, yotetezeka komanso yachuma ya gridi yamagetsi ya Guangdong ndi makina ochezera a pa Intaneti ndikuwongolera chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa gridi yamagetsi.
Chifukwa cha vuto la kutayika kwa mphamvu, malo opangira magetsi opopera amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi ochulukirapo kuposa magetsi opangira magetsi, ndiko kuti, kuchokera ku mphamvu yamagetsi, malo opangira magetsi opopera ayenera kutaya ndalama.
Komabe, phindu lazachuma la malo opangira magetsi opopera sizidalira mphamvu zake, koma pa ntchito yake yometa kwambiri komanso kudzaza zigwa.
Kupanga magetsi pakugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mphamvu komanso kusungirako mphamvu pang'ono kutha kupewetsa kuyambitsa ndi kutseka kwa mafakitale ambiri opangira magetsi, motero kupewa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwachuma pakuyambitsa ndi kuzimitsa kwa magetsi otenthetsera. Malo opangira magetsi opopera alinso ndi ntchito zina monga kusinthasintha pafupipafupi, kusintha magawo ndikuyamba kwakuda.
Njira zolipirira malo opangira magetsi opopera m'magawo osiyanasiyana ndizosiyana. Ena amatengera njira yolipirira mphamvu, ndipo madera ena amatengera magawo awiri amitengo yamagetsi. Kuphatikiza pa chindapusa chobwereketsa, phindu lingathenso kuzindikirika kudzera pakusiyana kwamitengo yamagetsi pachigwa.
2. Ntchito zatsopano zosungiramo madzi mu 2022
Kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa chaka, kusaina ndi kuyamba kwa ntchito zosungirako zopopera zakhala zikunenedwa nthawi zonse: pa January 30, polojekiti ya Wuhai inapopera malo osungiramo magetsi ndi ndalama zoposa 8.6 biliyoni ya yuan ndi mphamvu yoyikapo ya kilowatts 1.2 miliyoni inavomerezedwa ndikuvomerezedwa ndi Energy Bureau ya Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; Pa February 10, polojekiti ya Xiaofeng River Pumped Storage Power Station yokhala ndi ndalama zokwana 7 biliyoni ndi ma kilowatts 1.2 miliyoni inasaina ku Wuhan ndikukhazikika ku Yiling, Hubei; Pa February 10, SDIC mphamvu kampani ndi anthu Boma la Hejin City, Province Shanxi anasaina mgwirizano ndalama mgwirizano pa ntchito Pumped Storage Power Station, amene akufuna kukhala 1.2 miliyoni kilowatt pumped yosungirako ntchito; Pa February 14, mwambo woyamba wa Hubei Pingyuan popopera magetsi osungiramo magetsi okwana 1.4 miliyoni kilowatts unachitikira ku Luotian, Hubei.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosakwanira, kuyambira 2021, ma kilowatts opitilira 100 miliyoni a mapolojekiti osungira apita patsogolo kwambiri. Pakati pawo, State Grid ndi China Southern Power Grid zadutsa ma kilowatts miliyoni 24.7, kukhala mphamvu yayikulu pomanga ntchito zosungirako zopopera.
Pakalipano, kusungirako kupopera kwakhala imodzi mwa madera ofunikira kwambiri pakupanga makampani awiri akuluakulu a gridi yamagetsi pa nthawi ya 14th Year Plan. Pakati pa malo opangira magetsi opopera omwe akhazikitsidwa ku China, State Grid Xinyuan pansi pa State Grid Corporation ndi South grid peak peak peak and frequency modulation company pansi pa South Grid Corporation account for the main shares.
Mu September chaka chatha, Xin Baoan, mkulu wa State Grid, ananena poyera kuti State Grid ikukonzekera ndalama zokwana madola 350 biliyoni a US (pafupifupi 2 thililiyoni yuan) m'zaka zisanu zikubwerazi kulimbikitsa kusintha ndi kukweza gridi yamagetsi. Pofika chaka cha 2030, mphamvu yoyikidwa yosungiramo madzi ku China idzawonjezeka kuchoka pa makilowati 23.41 miliyoni kufika pa makilowati 100 miliyoni.
Mu Okutobala chaka chatha, Meng Zhenping, wapampando wa China Southern Power Grid Corporation ndi Mlembi wa gulu lotsogolera gulu, adalengeza pamsonkhano wolimbikitsa ntchito yomanga malo opangira magetsi opopera m'zigawo zisanu ndi zigawo kumwera kuti ntchito yomanga malo opangira magetsi opopera idzafulumizitsidwa. M’zaka 10 zotsatira, ma kilowati 21 miliyoni a malo osungira magetsi opopera akamalizidwa ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ntchito yomanga ma kilowatts 15 miliyoni a mphamvu yosungiramo mpope yomwe inakonzedwa kuti iyambe kugwira ntchito m’nyengo ya 16th Year Plan Plan idzayambika. Ndalama zonse zikanakhala pafupifupi 200 biliyoni, zomwe zingathe kukumana ndi mwayi wopeza ndi kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zatsopano za 250 miliyoni m'zigawo zisanu ndi zigawo za Kumwera.
Pojambula chithunzi chachikulu, makampani awiri akuluakulu a gridi yamagetsi adakonzanso zinthu zawo zosungiramo madzi.
Mu November chaka chatha, State Grid Corporation ya ku China inasamutsa ndalama zonse zokwana 51.54% za State Grid Xinyuan Holding Co., Ltd. kupita ku State Grid Xinyuan Group Co., Ltd. kwaulere, ndikuphatikiza katundu wake wopopera. M'tsogolomu, State Grid Xinyuan Group Co., Ltd. idzakhala kampani yopanga nsanja ya State Grid pumped storage business.
Pa February 15, Yunnan Wenshan Electric Power, yomwe makamaka ikugwira ntchito yopangira magetsi amadzi, idalengeza kuti ikukonzekera kugula 100% ya China Southern power grid peak shaving and frequency modulation power generation Co., Ltd. yomwe ili ndi China Southern Power Grid Co., Ltd. Malinga ndi chilengezo cham'mbuyomu, mphamvu ya Wenshan idzakhala nsanja yamakampani yomwe idalembedwa pabizinesi yosungiramo madzi ya China Southern Power Grid.
"Pumped yosungirako panopa amadziwika ngati okhwima kwambiri, odalirika, oyera ndi chuma kusungirako mphamvu njira padziko lapansi. Ikhozanso kupereka mphindi yofunikira ya inertia kwa dongosolo la mphamvu ndikuwonetsetsa kugwira ntchito kokhazikika kwa dongosololi. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa dongosolo latsopano la mphamvu ndi mphamvu zatsopano monga thupi lalikulu. Peng CAIDE, injiniya wamkulu wa Sinohydro, adanena.
Mwachiwonekere, njira yabwino yopititsira patsogolo mphamvu ya gululi yamagetsi kuti ivomereze mphamvu zatsopano ndikumanga malo osungiramo madzi kapena kusungirako magetsi a electrochemical. Komabe, kuchokera kumalingaliro aukadaulo, njira yosungiramo mphamvu kwambiri komanso yothandiza kwambiri mu gridi yamagetsi yamakono ndikusungirako kupopera. Ichinso ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi pano.
Mtolankhaniyo adaphunzira kuti pakadali pano, kupanga ndi kupanga zida zopopera ndi kusungirako ku China zazindikira kukhazikika, ndipo ukadaulo ndi wokhwima. Mtengo wamtsogolo wamtsogolo ukuyembekezeka kusungidwa pafupifupi 6500 yuan / kW. Ngakhale mtengo pa kilowatt wa mphamvu yometa pachimake pakusintha kosinthika kwa mphamvu ya malasha imatha kukhala yotsika ngati 500-1500 yuan, kumeta kwapamwamba komwe kumapezedwa ndi kusintha kosinthika kwa mphamvu yamakala pa kilowatt ndi pafupifupi 20%. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kusintha kosinthika kwa mphamvu ya malasha kumafunika kupeza mphamvu yometa nsonga ya 1kW, ndipo ndalama zenizeni ndi za 2500-7500 yuan.
"Panthawi yapakati komanso yayitali, kusungirako pompopompo ndiukadaulo wosunga mphamvu kwambiri. Malo opangira magetsi opopera ndi mphamvu yosinthika yomwe imakwaniritsa zofunikira zamagetsi atsopano komanso imakhala ndi chuma chabwino." Anthu ena m'makampani adatsindika kwa mtolankhani.
Ndi kuchulukitsidwa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ndalama, kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kosalekeza komanso kuthamangitsidwa kwa mapulojekiti, makampani osungira zinthu adzabweretsa chitukuko chamtsogolo.
Mu Seputembala chaka chatha, National Energy Administration idapereka dongosolo lachitukuko lanthawi yayitali komanso lalitali losungirako popopera (2021-2035) (pambuyo pake limatchedwa dongosolo), lomwe lidati pofika 2025, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zosungirako zopopera zomwe zidayikidwa pakugwira ntchito zitha kuwirikiza kawiri za dongosolo la 13 lazaka zisanu, kufikira ma kilowatts oposa 62 miliyoni; Pofika mchaka cha 2030, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zosungirako zopopa zomwe zidzagwiritsidwe ntchito zidzawirikiza kawiri za pulani ya zaka zisanu za 14, kufika pafupifupi ma kilowatts 120 miliyoni.
Monga gawo lofunikira pakumanga dongosolo latsopano lamagetsi, zikuyembekezeredwa kuti ntchito yomanga yosungiramo madzi, kugawanika kwa mphamvu zosungirako mphamvu, ikhoza kupitirira kuyembekezera.
Munthawi ya "14th five year plan", mphamvu yatsopano yapachaka yoyika posungirako idzafika pafupifupi ma kilowatts 6 miliyoni, ndipo "ndondomeko yazaka 15" idzawonjezeka mpaka ma kilowatts 12 miliyoni. Malinga ndi zomwe zidachitika m'mbuyomu, mphamvu yatsopano yapachaka yosungiramo madzi ndi pafupifupi ma kilowatts 2 miliyoni. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa ndalama zokwana 5000 yuan pa kilowati imodzi, ndalama zatsopano zapachaka pa "ndondomeko yazaka 14" ndi "ndondomeko yazaka 15" zidzafika pafupifupi yuan 20 biliyoni ndi 50 biliyoni motsatana.
"Kusintha kosungirako kwamapope a malo opangira magetsi opangira mphamvu yamadzi" kotchulidwa mu dongosololi nakonso ndikofunikira kwambiri. Zosungirako zopopera zosakanizidwa zomwe zimasinthidwa kuchokera kumalo opangira mphamvu zamagetsi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ndalama zochepa zogwiritsira ntchito komanso ubwino wodziwikiratu potumikira mphamvu zatsopano ndi zomangamanga zatsopano, zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-15-2022
