Tanena kale kuti turbine ya hydraulic imagawidwa kukhala turbine ya impact ndi turbine ya impact. Magulu ndi kutalika kwa mitu yoyenera ya turbine za impact zidayambitsidwanso kale. Ma turbine a impact amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awa: ma turbine a bucket, ma turbine a impact oblique ndi ma turbine a double-click, omwe adzafotokozedwa pansipa.
Choyendetsa cha turbine yokakamiza nthawi zonse chimakhala mumlengalenga, ndipo madzi othamanga kwambiri ochokera ku penstock asinthidwa kukhala ndege yothamanga kwambiri asanalowe mu turbine. Kusintha kotero kuti mphamvu zake zambiri za kinetic zimasamutsidwira ku vanes, zomwe zimapangitsa wothamangayo kuzungulira. Pa nthawi yonse ya jet yomwe ikugunda pa impeller, kuthamanga kwa jet sikunasinthe kwenikweni, komwe ndi pafupifupi kuthamanga kwa mlengalenga.
Turbine ya chidebe: yomwe imadziwikanso kuti turbine yodula, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzichi. Jet yothamanga kwambiri yochokera ku nozzle imagunda ma vane molunjika motsatira njira yozungulira ya runner circuit. Mtundu uwu wa turbine ndi woyenera malo opangira magetsi okhala ndi mutu wautali komanso kuyenda pang'ono, makamaka pamene mutuwo ukupitirira 400m, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya kapangidwe kake ndi cavitation, turbine ya Francis si yoyenera, ndipo turbine yamtundu wa chidebe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Mutu wamadzi wogwiritsidwa ntchito wa turbine yayikulu ya chidebe ndi pafupifupi 300-1700m, ndipo mutu wamadzi wogwiritsidwa ntchito wa turbine yaying'ono ya chidebe ndi pafupifupi 40-250m. Pakadali pano, mutu wapamwamba kwambiri wa turbine ya chidebe wagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 1767m (Austria Lesek Power Station), ndipo mutu wopanga wa turbine ya chidebe ya Tianhu Hydropower Station m'dziko langa ndi 1022.4m.
Turbine yokhazikika
Mpweya wotuluka mu nozzle umalowa mu vane kuchokera mbali imodzi ya wothamanga ndikutuluka mu vane kuchokera mbali inayo molunjika ku ngodya kupita ku ndege yomwe wothamangayo amazungulira. Poyerekeza ndi mtundu wa chidebe, kufalikira kwake kumakhala kwakukulu, koma magwiridwe antchito ake ndi otsika, kotero mtundu uwu wa turbine nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opangira magetsi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati, ndipo mutu woyenera nthawi zambiri umakhala 20-300m.
turbine yodina kawiri
Jet yochokera ku nozzle imakhudza masamba othamanga kawiri motsatizana. Mtundu uwu wa turbine ndi wosavuta kupanga komanso wosavuta kupanga, koma umagwira ntchito bwino komanso uli ndi mphamvu yochepa. Ndi yoyenera malo ang'onoang'ono opangira magetsi okhala ndi mphamvu imodzi yosapitirira 1000kW, ndipo madzi ake nthawi zambiri amakhala 5-100m.
Awa ndi magulu a ma turbine okhudzika. Poyerekeza ndi ma turbine okhudzika, pali magulu ochepa a ma turbine okhudzika. Komabe, m'madera omwe madzi ake ndi osiyana kwambiri, ma turbine okhudzika ndi othandiza kwambiri, monga Mtsinje wa Yarlung Zangbo m'dziko langa, komwe dontho limafika mamita opitilira 2,000, ndipo sizotheka kumanga madamu nthawi imodzi. Chifukwa chake, turbine yokhudzika yakhala chisankho chabwino kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-28-2022
