Turbine yamadzi, yomwe ma turbine a Kaplan, Pelton, ndi Francis ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndi makina akuluakulu ozungulira omwe amagwira ntchito yosintha mphamvu ya kinetic ndi potential kukhala magetsi amadzi. Zinthu zamakono zofanana ndi gudumu lamadzi izi zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zoposa 135 popanga magetsi a mafakitale, ndipo posachedwapa kupanga mphamvu yamagetsi amadzi.
Kodi Ma Turbine a Madzi Amagwiritsidwa Ntchito Bwanji Masiku Ano?
Masiku ano, magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi amathandiza 16% ya magetsi onse padziko lonse lapansi. M'zaka za m'ma 1800, ma turbine amadzi ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagetsi a mafakitale asanayambe kufalikira kwa ma gridi amagetsi. Pakadali pano, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magetsi ndipo amapezeka m'madamu kapena m'madera omwe madzi ambiri amatuluka.
Popeza kufunikira kwa mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi kukukwera mofulumira komanso zinthu monga kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kuchepa kwa mafuta, magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi ali ndi mphamvu zambiri zobiriwira padziko lonse lapansi. Pamene kufunafuna magwero amagetsi osawononga chilengedwe komanso oyera kukupitirira, ma turbine a Francis akhoza kukhala njira yotchuka kwambiri komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zaka zikubwerazi.
Kodi Ma Turbine a Madzi Amapanga Bwanji Magetsi?
Kupanikizika kwa madzi komwe kumachitika kuchokera ku madzi oyenda mwachilengedwe kapena opangidwa ndi anthu kulipo ngati gwero la mphamvu ya ma turbine amadzi. Mphamvu imeneyi imagwidwa ndikusanduka mphamvu yamagetsi yamadzi. Malo opangira magetsi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito damu pamtsinje wogwira ntchito kuti asunge madzi. Kenako madziwo amatulutsidwa pang'onopang'ono, akuyenda kudzera mu turbine, kuizungulira, ndikuyambitsa jenereta yomwe imapanga magetsi.
Kodi Ma Turbine a Madzi Ndi Aakulu Motani?
Kutengera ndi mutu womwe amagwira ntchito, ma turbine amadzi amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: okwera, apakati, ndi otsika. Makina amphamvu amadzi okhala ndi mutu wochepa ndi akuluakulu, chifukwa ma turbine amadzi ayenera kukhala akuluakulu kuti azitha kuyenda bwino pamene kuthamanga kwa madzi kochepa kumayikidwa pa masamba. Kenako, makina amphamvu amadzi okhala ndi mutu wokwera safuna malo ozungulira pamwamba, chifukwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuchokera ku magwero amadzi oyenda mwachangu.
Tchati chofotokoza kukula kwa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za makina opangira magetsi amadzi kuphatikizapo turbine yamadzi
Tchati chofotokoza kukula kwa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za makina opangira magetsi amadzi kuphatikizapo turbine yamadzi
Pansipa, tifotokoza zitsanzo zingapo za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma turbine amadzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso kuthamanga kwa madzi.
Kaplan Turbine (Mutu Wopanikizika wa 0-60m)
Ma turbine amenewa amadziwika kuti ma axial flow reaction turbines, chifukwa amasintha kuthamanga kwa madzi akamayenda m'madzimo. Turbine ya Kaplan imafanana ndi propeller ndipo ili ndi masamba osinthika kuti igwire bwino ntchito pamadzi osiyanasiyana komanso kuthamanga.
Chithunzi cha Kaplan turbine
Pelton Turbine (300m-1600m Pressure head)
Turbine ya Pelton—kapena Pelton wheel—imadziwika kuti turbine ya impulse, chifukwa imatulutsa mphamvu kuchokera m'madzi oyenda. Turbine iyi ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mutu wautali, chifukwa imafuna mphamvu yambiri yamadzi kuti igwiritse ntchito mphamvu pa zidebe zooneka ngati supuni, ndikupangitsa kuti disk izungulire ndikupanga mphamvu.
Pelton turbine
Francis Turbine (Mutu Wopanikizika wa 60m-300m)
Turbine yamadzi yomaliza komanso yotchuka kwambiri, turbine ya Francis, imapanga 60% ya mphamvu yamadzi padziko lonse lapansi. Ikugwira ntchito ngati turbine ya impact and reaction yomwe imagwira ntchito pa medium head, turbine ya Francis imagwirizanitsa malingaliro a axial ndi radial flow. Pochita izi, turbine imadzaza kusiyana pakati pa turbine zazitali ndi zazitali, ndikupanga kapangidwe kogwira mtima kwambiri, komanso kulimbikitsa mainjiniya masiku ano kuti apitirire patsogolo.
Makamaka, turbine ya Francis imagwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito madzi oyenda kudzera mu chozungulira chozungulira kupita ku ma vane owongolera (osasunthika) omwe amawongolera kuyenda kwa madzi kupita ku masamba othamanga (osuntha). Madzi amakakamiza wothamangayo kuzungulira kudzera mu mphamvu zomwe zimagundana komanso momwe mphamvu zimagwirira ntchito, potsiriza kutuluka wothamangayo kudzera mu chubu chotulutsa madzi kupita kumalo akunja.
Kodi Ndingasankhe Bwanji Kapangidwe ka Turbine Yamadzi?
Kusankha kapangidwe kabwino ka turbine nthawi zambiri kumadalira chinthu chimodzi; kuchuluka kwa mutu ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi komwe mungapeze. Mukangodziwa mtundu wa kuthamanga kwa madzi komwe mungagwiritse ntchito, mutha kusankha ngati "kapangidwe ka turbine yochitapo kanthu" monga turbine ya Francis kapena "kapangidwe ka turbine yotseguka", monga turbine ya Pelton ndi yoyenera bwino.
Chithunzi cha turbine yamadzi
Pomaliza, mutha kukhazikitsa liwiro lofunikira la kuzungulira kwa jenereta yamagetsi yomwe mukufuna.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-15-2022
