Makina opangira madzi, okhala ndi makina a Kaplan, Pelton, ndi Francis omwe ndi omwe amapezeka kwambiri, ndi makina akuluakulu ozungulira omwe amagwira ntchito kuti asinthe mphamvu za kinetic ndi zomwe zingatheke kukhala magetsi amadzi. Zofanana zamakono za gudumu lamadzi zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zoposa 135 popanga mphamvu zamafakitale, komanso posachedwapa kupanga magetsi opangira magetsi.
Kodi Ma turbine a Madzi Akugwiritsidwa Ntchito Bwanji Masiku Ano?
Masiku ano, mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi zimathandizira 16% yamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi. M'zaka za zana la 19, ma turbines amadzi ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popangira mphamvu zamafakitale ma gridi amagetsi asanayambe kufalikira. Pakalipano, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mphamvu zamagetsi ndipo amatha kupezeka m'madamu kapena m'madera omwe madzi ochuluka akuyenda.
Ndi mphamvu zapadziko lonse lapansi zikukwera mofulumira komanso zinthu monga kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kutha kwa mafuta oyaka, magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi amatha kukhudza kwambiri ngati mphamvu yobiriwira padziko lonse lapansi. Pamene kusaka kwa magetsi oteteza zachilengedwe komanso aukhondo kukupitilira, ma turbines a Francis atha kukhala njira yotchuka komanso yovomerezeka kwambiri m'zaka zikubwerazi.
Kodi Ma turbine a Madzi Amapanga Bwanji Magetsi?
Kuthamanga kwa madzi opangidwa kuchokera kumadzi oyenda mwachilengedwe kapena ochita kupanga kumakhala ngati gwero la mphamvu zama turbines amadzi. Mphamvuyi imatengedwa ndikusinthidwa kukhala mphamvu yamagetsi amadzi. Malo opangira magetsi opangira magetsi pamadzi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito damu pamtsinje wamadzi kuti asunge madzi. Kenako madziwo amatuluka pang’onopang’ono, n’kumadutsa mu turbine, kuwazungulira, ndi kuyatsa jenereta imene imatulutsa magetsi.
Kodi Ma turbine amadzi Ndiakulu Motani?
Kutengera mutu womwe amagwirira ntchito, makina opangira madzi amatha kugawidwa kukhala apamwamba, apakati, komanso otsika. Makina opangira magetsi otsika kwambiri ndi okulirapo, popeza makina opangira madzi amayenera kukhala akulu kuti akwaniritse kuthamanga kwakukulu pomwe kuthamanga kwamadzi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kudutsa masambawo. Komanso, makina opangira magetsi okwera kwambiri samafunikira kuzungulira kwakukulu kotereku, chifukwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kuchokera kumadzi othamanga kwambiri.
Tchati chofotokozera kukula kwa magawo osiyanasiyana amagetsi a hydropower kuphatikiza turbine yamadzi
Tchati chofotokoza kukula kwa magawo osiyanasiyana amagetsi opangira mphamvu yamadzi kuphatikiza makina opangira madzi
Pansipa, tifotokoza zitsanzo zingapo za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makina opangira madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana komanso kuthamanga kwa madzi.
Kaplan Turbine (0-60m Pressure Head)
Ma turbines awa amadziwika kuti axial flow reaction turbines, chifukwa amasintha kuthamanga kwa madzi akamadutsa. Kaplan turbine imafanana ndi propeller ndipo imakhala ndi masamba osinthika kuti apititse patsogolo mphamvu zambiri pamadzi osiyanasiyana komanso kuthamanga.
Chithunzi cha turbine cha Kaplan
Pelton Turbine (300m-1600m Pressure mutu)
Pelton turbine-kapena Pelton wheel-imadziwika ngati turbine yochititsa chidwi, yomwe imatulutsa mphamvu kuchokera kumadzi oyenda. Mphepete mwa turbine iyi ndi yoyenera pa ntchito zapamwamba zamutu, chifukwa zimafuna kuti madzi azithamanga kwambiri kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu pa zidebe zooneka ngati supuni, ndikupangitsa kuti diski ikhale yozungulira ndikupanga mphamvu.
Pelton turbine
Francis Turbine (60m-300m Pressure Head)
Makina omaliza komanso odziwika kwambiri amadzi, turbine ya Francis, amawerengera 60% ya mphamvu zamagetsi padziko lonse lapansi. Imagwira ntchito ngati turbine yomwe imagwira ntchito pamutu wapakatikati, turbine ya Francis imaphatikiza malingaliro a axial ndi ma radial flow. Pochita izi, turbine imadzaza kusiyana pakati pa ma turbine apamwamba ndi otsika, ndikupanga mapangidwe abwino kwambiri, komanso akatswiri opanga zovuta masiku ano kuti apititse patsogolo.
Mwachindunji, makina opangira magetsi a Francis amagwira ntchito ndi madzi oyenda m'miyendo yozungulira (static) yomwe imayang'anira kayendedwe ka madzi kupita kumalo othamanga. Madzi amakakamiza wothamangayo kuti azitha kuzungulira mophatikizana ndi momwe mphamvu zimagwirira ntchito, potsirizira pake amatuluka wothamanga kudzera mu chubu chomwe chimatulutsa madzi kupita kumalo akunja.
Kodi Ndingasankhe Bwanji Mapangidwe Opangira Mafuta?
Kusankha kamangidwe koyenera ka turbine nthawi zambiri kumabwera ku chinthu chimodzi; kuchuluka kwa mutu ndi kuthamanga kwa kuthamanga komwe mungapeze kwa inu. Mukazindikira kuti ndi mtundu wanji wa mphamvu yamadzi yomwe mungagwiritse ntchito, mutha kusankha ngati "mapangidwe a turbine" otsekeredwa ngati turbine ya Francis kapena "mapangidwe opangira mphamvu", monga turbine ya Pelton ndiyokwanira bwino.
Chithunzi cha turbine yamadzi
Pomaliza, mutha kukhazikitsa liwiro lozungulira la jenereta yanu yamagetsi yomwe mukufuna.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-15-2022
