Chidule cha 100kW Francis Turbine ndi Ntchito Zake

Mu dziko losiyanasiyana la mphamvu zamagetsi, komwe kuyika kuyambira madamu akuluakulu a gigawatt mpaka ma pico-turbine ang'onoang'ono, turbine ya Francis yakhala ikulamulira kwa nthawi yayitali ngati kapangidwe kogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso kogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Izi ndi zoona makamaka m'magawo ang'onoang'ono mpaka apakatikati, komwe turbine ya 100kW ya Francis imadziwika ngati kavalo wolimba komanso wogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, woyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za mitsinje ndi mitsinje popanga mphamvu m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Turbine ya 100kW Francis ndi turbine yochitapo kanthu, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imagwira ntchito yonse yomizidwa m'madzi ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito kuthamanga kwa madzi ndi liwiro lake kuti ipange mphamvu yozungulira. Ichi ndi chosiyanitsa chachikulu ndi ma turbine othamanga monga Pelton wheel, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya kinetic ya madzi makamaka. Dzina lakuti "100kW" limatanthauza mphamvu yake yamagetsi yovomerezeka—yokwanira kupatsa mphamvu nyumba pafupifupi 80-100 zaku America, kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa anthu ammudzi, makampani ang'onoang'ono, kapena ntchito zaulimi.
Kapangidwe ka turbine ya Francis ndi luso lodabwitsa la hydraulic engineering. Madzi amatsogozedwa mu casing yozungulira, yotchedwa volute, yomwe imagawa mofanana kayendedwe ka turbine. Kenako madziwo amadutsa mu mphete ya mavane otsogolera okhazikika, kapena zipata za wicket. Mavane awa amatha kusinthidwa, zomwe zimathandiza wogwiritsa ntchito kuwongolera kuchuluka ndi ngodya ya madzi olowa mu runner, zomwe zimapangitsa turbine kukhala yogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pansi pa kusintha kwa madzi ndi kupanikizika (mutu). Mtima wa turbine ndi runner, mndandanda wa masamba opindika mosamala okhazikika pakati pa mphete ziwiri. Pamene madzi akuyenda m'njira zopindika izi, amasamutsa mphamvu zake, zomwe zimapangitsa runner kuzungulira. Madziwo amatuluka mozungulira kudzera mu chubu chowongolera, chomwe chimathandiza kubwezeretsa kupanikizika ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito.
Mphamvu ya 100kW imagwirizana bwino ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya madzi. Nthawi zambiri, turbine ya kukula kotere imagwira ntchito bwino pansi pa mutu wapakati—kulikonse kuyambira mamita 20 mpaka 150—ndi kuthamanga kwapakati. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri m'madera ambiri okhala ndi mapiri kapena mapiri komwe kumapezeka kutsika kokwanira koyima. Kutha kwake kusunga magwiridwe antchito apamwamba (nthawi zambiri kupitirira 90%) pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamadzi chifukwa cha ma vane ake owongolera osinthika ndi mwayi waukulu.
Ntchito zogwiritsira ntchito turbine ya 100kW Francis ndi zambiri. Ndiwo maziko a ma mini-grid ambiri ndi mapulojekiti ang'onoang'ono amagetsi, omwe amapereka mphamvu yodalirika, yosinthika, komanso yosasamalira bwino madera omwe si a grid. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'mafakitale ang'onoang'ono, machitidwe othirira, komanso ngati gawo la machitidwe otsetsereka m'mitsinje ikuluikulu komwe ma turbine angapo amayikidwa pamalo osiyanasiyana.
Pomaliza, turbine ya 100kW Francis ikuyimira malo abwino kwambiri muukadaulo wamagetsi amadzi. Imapereka njira yotsimikizika, yodalirika, komanso yothandiza kwambiri yosinthira mphamvu zachilengedwe zamadzi ogwa kukhala magetsi ofunika. Kwa mapulojekiti okhala ndi mawonekedwe apakati ndi oyenda, ikadali njira yosagonjetseka, kuphatikiza mfundo zakale zamphamvu zamadzimadzi ndi zipangizo zamakono ndi uinjiniya kuti zipereke mphamvu yoyera kwa zaka zambiri.